Table 11.

Intratumoural microbiota that can be programmed and modified

Intratumoural microbiota	Mechanism	Cancer	References
E. coli	Genetically engineered E.coli increases L-arginine concentration and enhances T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment	Colorectal cancer	[137]
Salmonella	Salmonella strains were genetically modified to enable the expression of Fas ligand (FasL), which can effectively deliver the toxic but anti-tumor cytokine to the tumor site, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment	Colorectal cancer Breast cancer	[136]