Table 2.

Intratumoural microbiota that can induce cancer cell death

Intratumoural microbiota	Mechanism	Cancer	References
E.coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)	Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells by inhibiting AKT1 and Bcl-xL while activating PTEN and Bax	Colorectal cancer	[74]
Pediococcus pentosaceus	Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells by generating conjugated linoleic acid	Prostate Cancer	[75]
Clostridium Butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588)	Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells through the TLR2/4 signaling pathway	Bladder cancer	[76]
Neisseria Meningitidis	Inducing apoptosis by generating Azurin-like protein LAZ	Brain cancer	[77]
Salmonella	Inducing hypoxic conditions	Melanoma	[78, 79]
Salmonella	Inducing autophagy through downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway	Melanoma	[80]
C. novyi-NT	Secreting various exotoxins	Colorectal cancer Leiomyosarcoma Liver Cancer	[81]
Listeria Monocytogenes	1. Producing high ROS levels 2. Enhancing CD8-T and NK cell responses by increasing IL-12	Colorectal cancer	[82]