Table 3.

Major phenotypes and actions of DC with inherent tolerogenic capacity.

DC population	Ag presentation ability	Co-stimulation capacity	Cytokine production	Inhibitory proteins	Anergy capacity	Clonal deletion of autoreactive T-cells	T-cell phenotypic skewing	B-cell skewing
Endogenous “immature”	Low Reduced class II MHC High DR/CLIP	Low to none (low CD40, CD40, CD86)	Low production of IL-12, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 (mouse and human)	Intermediate levels of FasL, PD-L1, ILT-3/4, CD39, CD73, IDO	YES	YES	TH2, Tr1, Foxp3 Tregs (mouse and human)	Unknown
Endogenous “semi-mature”	Reduced to intermediate levels of surface class II MHC (mouse and human)	Low to intermediate surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 (mouse and human)	Low production of IL-12, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 Intermediate production of IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ	Intermediate levels of FasL, PD-L1, ILT-3/4, IDO	YES	YES	TH2, Tr1, Foxp3 Tregs	Unknown
Ex vivo monocytic-derived tolerogenic	Reduced to intermediate levels of surface class II MHC (mouse and human)	Low to intermediate surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 (mouse and human)	Intermediate to high production of IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ (mouse and human)	Intermediate to high levels of FasL, PD-L1, IDO	YES	YES	TH2, Tr1, Foxp3 Tregs (mouse and human)	IL-10+ Bregs (mouse and human)