Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 28.
Published in final edited form as: Occup Environ Med. 2019 Jul 13;76(11):827–837. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105655

Table 4:

The Meta Association between Animal Farming and Lymphoid Malignancies, Overall and By Subtypes

  Lymphoid malignancies Non Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B-Cell Chronic/Small lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma
  No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2
Any animal 1879 1.06 0.89,1.26 65.7 1659 1.06 0.88,1.29 69.0 1659 1.05 0.87,1.28 66.8 356 0.91 0.74,1.12 0.0
Cattle 1403 1.01 0.92,1.10 0.0 1245 1.01 0.92,1.10 0.0 1245 1.01 0.92,1.11 0.0 261 0.90 0.74,1.09 0.0
No. of cattle
<30 738 0.96 0.86,1.06 0.0 706 0.95 0.86,1.06 0.0 657 0.96 0.86,1.06 0.0 117 0.79 0.62,1.01 0.0
30+ 448 1.09 0.93,1.28 0.0 432 1.08 0.92,1.27 0.0 394 1.06 0.92,1.27 0.0 94 0.96 0.54,1.71 0.0
P- trend 0.64 0.73 0.82 0.54
Dairy cattle 1016 0.98 0.89,1.08 0.0 973 0.98 0.89,1.08 0.0 901 0.98 0.89,1.09 0.0 179 0.94 0.75,1.18 0.0
Beef cattle 791 0.99 0.90,1.09 0.0 749 0.98 0.89,1.08 0.0 698 0.97 0.88,1.08 0.0 140 0.84 0.66,1.06 9.7
Sheep/goat 725 0.96 0.75,1.22 53.9 689 0.97 0.72,1.30 66.9 646 0.97 0.72,1.31 68.2 123 0.92 0.73,1.17 0.0
No. of sheep/goat
<35 392 0.88 0.77,1.00 32.1 373 0.87 0.76,0.99 30.1 349 0.86 0.72,1.04 58.6 73 0.94 0.74,1.20 0.0
35+ 311 0.96 0.84,1.10 0.0 294 0.94 0.82,1.08 0.0 276 0.96 0.83,1.11 0.0 50 0.87 0.62,1.22 0.0
P- trend 0.25 0.21 0.29 0.34
Pigs 820 0.94 0.79,1.12 66.8 788 0.95 0.82,1.11 55.3 727 0.94 0.81,1.09 48.6 177 1.03 0.83,1.26 0.0
No. of pigs
<35 482 0.85 0.79,0.97 0.0 469 0.86 0.77,0.96 0.0 428 0.85 0.76,0.95 0.0 97 0.95 0.74,1.22 0.0
35+ 179 0.82 0.44,1.54 67.7 173 0.84 0.46,1.54 65.3 162 0.83 0.42,1.67 69.8 40 1.08 0.70,1.67 0.0
P- trend 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.34 0.95
Poultry 726 1.04 0.96,1.15 0.0 638 1.03 0.93,1.15 3.3 638 1.05 0.92,1.14 0.0 139 1.02 0.81,1.28 0.0
No. of poultry
<100 498 1.03 0.76,1.38 77.5 476 1.02 0.76,1.37 77.0 437 0.98 0.75,1.28 66.4 89 0.85 0.53,1.35 42.4
100+ 217 1.13 0.95,1.34 0.0 192 1.13 0.95,1.35 0.0 192 1.12 0.93,1.34 0.0 48 1.18 0.80,1.74 0.0
P- trend 0.21 0.21 0.29 0.55
Livestock 1838 1.02 0.90,1.16 37.2 1755 1.04 0.90,1.19 46.4 1625 1.02 0.89,1.17 40.5 348 0.89 0.73,1.09 0.0
No. of livestock
<100 336 0.88 0.70,1.10 0.0 326 0.89 0.70,1.12 0.0 299 0.89 0.70,1.14 0.0 63 0.67 0.40,1.12 0.0
100+ 360 1.18 0.98,1.42 0.0 340 1.19 0.98,1.44 0.0 313 1.18 0.96,1.43 0.0 89 1.05 0.70,1.57 0.0
P- trend 0.07
0.06 0.10 0.64
  Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma Marginal zone lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Multiple myeloma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell
  No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HR 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2 No. HRa 95% CI I2
Any animal 104 1.11 0.71,1.74 0.0 317 1.10 0.84,1.44 21.4 68 1.36 0.71,2.60 14.3 165 1.28 0.92,1.79 0.0 403 0.93 0.77,1.13 0.0 94 1.18 0.76,1.82 0.0
Cattle 83 1.07 0.71,1.60 0.00 231 1.01 0.82,1.24 0.0 31 1.28 0.73,2.24 0.0 132 1.28 0.80,2.05 54.3 311 1.05 0.87,1.26 0.0 64 0.91 0.61,1.37 0.0
No. of cattle
<30 46 1.01 0.65,1.54 0.0 112 0.91 0.70,1.17 0.0 NA NA NA NA 68 1.00 0.34,2.92 80.1 178 1.08 0.87,1.34 0.0 33 0.87 0.54,1.40 0.0
30+ 37 1.38 0.76,2.50 0.0 71 0.97 0.64,1.45 0.0 NA NA NA NA 31 1.30 0.65,2.60 18.1 102 1.41 0.89,2.23 29.3 25 1.50 0.76,2.93 0.0
P- trend 0.42 0.64 0.71 0.20 0.54
Dairy cattle 64 0.88 0.60,1.28 0.0 160 0.99 0.78,1.24 0.0 45 2.59 0.26,26.09 76.3 93 1.38 0.85,2.22 41.9 231 1.03 0.84,1.26 0.00 51 1.09 0.70,1.68 0.0
Beef cattle NA NA NA NA 130 0.96 0.76,1.21 0.0 21 0.95 0.52,1.71 0.0 80 1.29 0.94,1.77 0.0 170 1.04 0.84,1.28 0.00 36 1.08 0.69,1.70 0.0
Sheep/goats 44 0.93 0.62,1.39 0.0 144 0.94 0.73,1.21 0.0 20 0.65 0.37,1.16 0.0 NA NA NA NA 171 1.23 0.62,2.46 84.7 31 0.71 0.44,1.12 0.0
No. of sheep/ goats
<35 24 no conv. no conv. no conv. 66 0.97 0.75,1.26 0.0 9 no conv. no conv. no conv. NA NA NA NA 84 0.80 0.64,1.00 0.0 18 0.81 0.51,1.31 0.0
35+ 21 no conv. no conv. no conv. 48 0.93 0.66,1.32 0.0 11 no conv. no conv. no conv. NA NA NA NA 79 1.12 0.86,1.47 0.0 13 0.70 0.36,1.35 0.0
P- trend 0.67 0.76 0.22
Pigs 40 0.75 0.48,1.18 8.4 146 1.08 0.86,1.35 0.0 22 0.80 0.44,1.45 0.0 65 0.81 0.55,1.18 23.2 175 0.96 0.73,1.26 35.0 44 1.15 0.74,1.78 0.0
No. of pigs
<35 27 no conv. no conv. no conv. 81 0.99 0.76,1.30 0.0 9 no conv. no conv. no conv. NA NA NA NA 113 0.85 0.68,1.07 0.0 29 1.15 0.71,1.84 0.0
35+ 14 no conv. no conv. no conv. 32 1.27 0.73,2.0 4.1 11 no conv. no conv. no conv. NA NA NA NA 37 0.87 0.56,1.36 0.0 8 0.81 0.29,2.31 0.0
P- trend 0.51 NA 0.20 0.93
Poultry 48 0.90 0.28,2.83 85.4 121 1.18 0.85,1.64 40.2 31 1.41 0.78,2.54 0.0 47 0.90 0.61,1.32 0.0 158 0.96 0.78,1.20 0.0 38 1.28 0.82,2.02 0.0
Poultry
<100 29 0.72 0.18,2.86 80.4 81 1.26 0.65,2.47 78.4 20 1.20 0.61,2.36 0.0 35 0.89 0.53,1.48 12.5 116 0.97 0.76,1.24 0.0 26 1.18 0.72,1.96 0.0
100+ 19 1.50 0.56,4.03 63.3 37 1.25 0.86,1.82 0.0 11 2.19 0.94,5.15 0.0 12 0.82 0.41,1.62 0.0 41 1.02 0.71,1.45 0.0 12 1.61 0.79,3.30 0.0
P- trend 0.78 0.19 0.10 0.58 0.91 0.19
Livestock 103 1.17 0.75,1.81 0.0 310 1.08 0.87,1.35 0.0 67 1.43 0.67,3.03 32.9 163 1.32 0.95,1.84 0.0 394 0.93 0.77,1.13 0.00 92 1.17 0.76,1.79 0.0
No. of livestock
<100 NA NA NA NA 68 1.12 0.70,1.79 0.0 NA NA NA NA 32 1.12 0.34,1.05 0.0 67 0.60 0.34,1.05 0.0 17 no conv. no conv. no conv.
100+ NA NA NA NA 60 1.19 0.76,1.85 0.0 NA NA NA NA 34 0.93 0.70,1.64 0.0 68 1.07 0.70,1.64 0.0 18 no conv. no conv. no conv.
P- trend 0.39 0.75 0.75

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; No., number of exposed cases; NA., not applicable as only one study contributed to this estimate; no conv; model did not converge in AGRICAN

*

AHS adjusted for sex, state, AHS adjusted for sex, state, state, Terbufos, Lindane, DDT, Permethrin, Dicamba, Parathion, Carbaryl; AGRICAN adjusted for sex, retirement status the number of crops for which farmer/worker personally applied pesticides; CNAP adjusted for sex, Dichlorvos, Aldicarb, Lindane, DDT, Deltametrin, Mancozeb, Linuron, Glyphosate

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; No., number of exposed cases; NA., not applicable as only one study contributed to this estimate; no conv., model did not converge in AGRICAN

a

AHS adjusted for sex, state, AHS adjusted for sex, state, state, Terbufos, Lindane, DDT, Permethrin, Dicamba, Parathion, Carbaryl; AGRICAN adjusted for sex, retirement status, the number of crops for which farmer/worker personally applied pesticides; CNAP adjusted for sex, Dichlorvos, Aldicarb, Lindane, DDT, Deltametrin, Mancozeb, Linuron, Glyphosate