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. 2023 Jun 16;15(6):1752. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061752

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Measurement of interaction between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peptides. (a) Specific agonist treatment for each TLR receptor shows TLR4 selectivity of T. ni cecropin. (b) Results of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase assay show the TLR4 inactivating effect of T. ni cecropin on LPS-stimulated human embryonic kidney-Blue hTLR4 cells. (c) Surface plasmon resonance sensorgrams of TLR4/MD-2 complex protein interaction with varying concentrations of T. ni cecropin. (d) Flow cytometry results showing the effect of T. ni cecropin on preventing TLR4 expression in LPS-stimulated cells and (e) indicating the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (%). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from triplicate experiments. *** p < 0.001 and ns, nonsignificant compared to that in the agonist treatment group (a) (one-way ANOVA); *** p < 0.001 compared to that in the LPS group (e) (two-way ANOVA).