Table 4.

Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals from Logistic Regression on PIM Use by Sex among older Adults aged 65+ years (n = 4062).

	Men			Women
	PIM Use			PIM Use
	AOR	95% CI	Sig.	AOR	95% CI	Sig.
Age Mean	0.991	[0.97–1.00]	0.3021	1.019	[1.03–1.035]	0.0181
Marital Status
Single	1.494	[0.78–2.84]	0.2225	0.796	[0.52–1.20]	0.2769
Married (Ref.)
Nationality
Saudi	1.093	[0.77–1.55]	0.618	1.071	[0.72–1.58]	0.7325
Non-Saudi (Ref.)
Hypertension
Yes	0.762	[0.60–0.96]	0.0263	0.806	[0.61–1.06]	0.1233
No
Diabetes
Yes	1.794	[1.44–2.23]	<0.0001	1.563	[1.27–1.91]	<0.0001
No
Chronic Kidney Disease
Yes	0.946	[0.54–1.65]	0.8463	2.03	[1.01–4.06]	0.0454
No
Dyslipidemia
Yes	0.841	[0.67–1.05]	0.1268	0.797	[0.64–0.99]	0.040
No (Ref.)
Ischemic Heart Disease
Yes	1.602	[1.11–2.35]	0.0116	1.266	[0.76–2.09]	0.3582
No (Ref.)
Asthma
Yes	1.712	[1.12–2.61]	0.013	0.845	[0.63–1.12]	0.2527
No (Ref.)
Osteoarthritis
Yes	0.674	[0.47–0.96]	0.0305	1.085	[0.77–1.52]	0.6382
No (Ref.)
Osteoporosis
Yes	2.862	[1.01–8.18]	0.0498	0.727	[0.54–0.96]	0.0264
No (Ref.)
Cancer
Yes	3.304	[1.71–6.36]	0.0003	1.364	[0.66–2.80]	0.3986
No
Anxiety
Yes	1.501	[1.05–2.13]	0.0239	2.473	[1.60–3.82]	<0.0001
No (Ref.)
Depression
Yes	0.991	[0.39–2.49]	0.9842	0.591	[0.27–1.27]	0.1778
No (Ref.)
Polypharmacy
≥5	5.253	[4.09–6.74]	<0.0001	5.094	[3.88–6.68]	<0.0001
0 to 4 drugs (Ref.)

AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; PIM: Potentially Inappropriate Medications; Ref.: Reference group; Sig.: Significance.