TABLE 5.

In vivo analysis of membrane-active small molecules and AMPs against S. aureus

Membrane-active small molecules and AMPs	Effect against in vivo model	Effective concn against S. aureus	Animal model	References
nTZDpa	90% survival	16 μg/mL	C. elegans	187
PQ401	100% survival	2 μg/mL	C. elegans	98
Small cationic molecule	5.3-log MRSA biofilm reduction (>99.99%)	40 mg/kg	Murine model of superficial skin wound infection	194
l-lysine-based lipidated biphenyls	Reduced bacterial burden (P value 0.0001)	200 mg/kg	Murine model of skin infection	90
Xanthones derivatives	MRSA reduction by 2.56 logs (99.7%) and 3.03 logs (99.9%)	3 mg/mL	Mouse model of corneal infection	106
Bithionol + gentamicin	90% MRSA persister killed	30 mg/kg of bithionol + gentamicin	Mouse thigh infections	97
Cationic peptide DFT561	S. aureus USA300 LAC decreased by 1.8 logs (liver) and 1.4 logs (kidney)	5 mg/kg	Neutropenic mouse model	185
AMP is based on the cationic structure of honokiol/magnolol amphiphiles	Reduction in bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and kidney in 3 days	5 and 10 mg/kg	Murine sepsis model	113