Table 3.
Selection of studies investigating the role of infectious factors in MOGAD.
| MOGAD | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infectious Agent | Evidence | References |
| HERV | Higher levels of antibodies against HER-W were present in MOGAD than in NMO | [168] |
| There is a cross-reactivity between MOG and HERV-W proteins | [193] | |
| Measles | Case report: ADEM associated with measles | [183] |
| Influenza | Case report: ADEM associated with influenza A H1N1 infection | [184] |
| Coronavirus | Case report: ADEM with detection of coronavirus in CNS | [186] |
| Enterovirus | Case report: ADEM with positive PCR for enterovirus in the CSF | [185] |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Description of cases reporting MOGAD following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection | [189,190] |
| Jamestown Canyon virus | Case report: MOGAD with bilateral corticospinal tract lesions following infection with Jamestown Canyon virus | [194] |
| Streptococcus | Case report: MOGAD transverse myelitis following brain abscess | [192] |
| EBV | Case report: anti-MOG positive ADEM following infectious mononucleosis | [187] |
| Herpes simplex | Case report: MOGAD (bilateral optic neuritis and meningoganglionitis) following a genital herpes simplex virus infection | [188] |
MOGAD: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease; HERV: human endogenous retrovirus; NMO: neuromyelitis optica; ADEM: acute disseminating encephalomyelitis; CNS: central nervous system; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus.