Table 5.

The pathophysiological mechanisms in trials from atrial fibrillation to coronary ischemia.

Trial	Pathophysiological Mechanism
Bocchino et al., 2021 [3].	Increased oxygen consumption in cardiomyocytes
Liang et al., 2021 [8].	Stenosis in the coronary tree ≥ 50% (the left main or proximal left anterior descending artery are usually implicated)
Wojszel et al., 2022 [93].	Endothelial dysfunction, Increased coagulation factor VIII activity and decreased nitric oxide
Zheng et al., 2022 [88]; Andrianto et al., 2020 [94].	Systemic inflammation, the activation of macrophages by FX-PAR2 pathway,
Won et al., 2020 [100].	Stenosis in the coronary tree by embolic mechanism