Figure 4.

Effects of deletion of VM1G_06867 on stress responses in Valsa mali. (A) The wild type, VM1G_06867 single deletion mutant, complemented mutant, and double deletion mutant are inoculated on PDA supplemented with NaCl, sorbitol (osmotic stress), Congo red, fluorescent brightener (cell wall inhibitor), tebuconazole (germicide), and SDS. Images are taken after 3 days on different stress media. (B) The mean and standard deviation, which are calculated using data from three biological replicates. The Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) in the SPSS software package is used for statistical analysis. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (Duncan’s new multiple range test, p < 0.05). Bars indicate standard deviations of the mean of the three replicates.