Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 3;11(6):1491. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061491

Table 1.

The most common carbapenemases in bacteria with their gene location [23,49,53].

Ambler Class Representative Gene No of Variants Gene Location Bacterial Origins
A KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) >84 Plasmid K. pneumoniae
GES (Guiana extended spectrum) >27 Plasmid P. aeruginosa
IMI (Imipenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase) >9 Chromosome E. cloacae
SME (Serratia marcescencens enzyme) >5 Chromosome S. marcescencens
SFC (Serratia fonticola carbapenemase-1) >1 Chromosome S. fonticola
NMC-A (not metalloenzyme carbapenemase A) >1 Chromosome E. cloacae
B NDM (New Delhi metallo-lactamase) >29 Plasmid K. pneumoniae
VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-lactamase) >69 Plasmid P. aeruginosa
IMP (Imipenemase), >85 Plasmid S. marcescencens
GIM (German imipenemase) >2 Plasmid P. aeruginosa
SIM (Seoul imipenemase) >1 Plasmid P. aeruginosa
D OXA (Oxacillin-hydrolyzing carbapenemase) >40 Plasmid K. pneumoniae