. 2023 Jun 12;12(7):e220536. doi: 10.1530/EC-22-0536

Table 2.

Metabolic parameters at baseline (T0), 8 weeks (T1), and 16 weeks (T2) of the study in the experimental group and in the control group.

		Mean ± s.d.			ANOVA P-value			GLM P-value
	Group	T0 (baseline)	T1 (8 weeks)	T2 (16 weeks)	T0 vs T1	T1 vs T2	T0 vs T2	Time	Time × treatment
Glucose, fasting (mg/dL)	Experimental	82.2 ± 6.7	81.4 ± 7.5	84.9 ± 7.9	1.00000	1.00000	1.00000	0.53591	0.98798
Glucose, fasting (mg/dL)	Control	88.0 ± 16.9	85.2 ± 11.5	88.6 ± 14.2	1.00000	0.67136	1.00000	0.56461	0.98798
Insulin, fasting (μU/mL)	Experimental	13.4 ± 7.0	8.6 ± 3.9	9.9 ± 5.6	0.03898	0.98329	0.08481	0.01294	0.95010
Insulin, fasting (μU/mL)	Control	17.6 ± 9.9	12.9 ± 5.5	15.2 ± 8.4	0.12356	0.89186	1.00000	0.14258	0.95010
HOMA-IR index	Experimental	2.74 ± 1.48	1.75 ± 0.89	2.11 ± 1.26	0.06118	1.00000	0.15121	0.02379	0.81895
HOMA-IR index	Control	3.96 ± 2.73	2.79 ± 1.48	3.43 ± 2.28	0.15988	0.53596	1.00000	0.15080	0.81895
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Experimental	194 ± 34	165 ± 26	174 ± 32	0.00433	0.64525	0.03723	0.00056	0.14060^a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Control	195 ± 41	190 ± 41	188 ± 39	1.00000	1.00000	1.00000	0.86452^a	0.14060^a
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	Experimental	51.8 ± 7.3	44.8 ± 6.4	49.4 ± 6.4	0.04802	0.06807	0.88822	0.01721	0.34995
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	Control	49.1 ± 7.7	45.4 ± 7.1	48.3 ± 11.2	0.36801	0.55491	1.00000	0.31895	0.34995
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	Experimental	126 ± 79	84 ± 19	78 ± 23	0.39306	1.00000	0.15047	0.07991^a	0.58854
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	Control	123 ± 69	111 ± 62	102 ± 57	0.22285	1.00000	0.34885	0.15210	0.58854
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	Experimental	117 ± 25	103 ± 25	109 ± 29	0.16966	0.66260	0.93629	0.11683	0.25302
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	Control	122 ± 31	123 ± 34	123 ± 32	1.00000	1.00000	1.00000	0.98158	0.25302
AST (IU/L)	Experimental	24.9 ± 9.7	22.7 ± 8.4	18.0 ± 4.7	1.00000	0.30839	0.09454	0.05266	0.42454
AST (IU/L)	Control	26.0 ± 13.0	24.6 ± 13.9	24.1 ± 11.3	1.00000	1.00000	0.93344	0.53769	0.42454
ALT (IU/L)	Experimental	36.7 ± 35.3	28.1 ± 27.2	20.9 ± 12.9	0.56761	1.00000	0.51606	0.20348	0.75997
ALT (IU/L)	Control	37.6 ± 36.8	32.3 ± 38.9	29.9 ± 31.4	1.00000	1.00000	0.42616	0.32149	0.75997

^aP-values of variables violating the sphericity assumption were adjusted using the Huynh–Feldt correction.

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GLM, general linear model, HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.