Table 3.

Select ongoing clinical trials of KIs for thyroid cancers (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Agent	Phase	Population	NCT
BRAF/MAP kinase pathway inhibitors +/− RAI in DTC
BRAF: dabrafenib and trametinib RAS: trametinib + RAI	Phase 2	BRAF- or RAS-positive DTC with progression within 18 months	NCT03244956
Selumetinib plus RAI vs RAI alone	Phase 2	DTC with RAI avidity	NCT02393690
Selumetinib and RAI	Phase 2	DTC with progression within 12 months	SEL-I-METRY
Encorafenib and binimetinib with or without nivolumab	Phase 2	Metastatic RAI-R BRAF V600-mutant DTC	NCT04061980
Vemurafenib plus copanlisib	Phase 1	RAI-R DTC	NCT04462471
Spartalizumab in combination with MAPK pathway inhibitors	Phase 2	RAI-R DTC	NCT04544111
Dabrafenib and lapatinib	Phase 1	RAI-R/unresectable DTC	NCT01947023
Cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab	Phase 1/2	Locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors (DTC)	NCT03170960
Cabozantinib, nivolumab, and ipilimumab	Phase 2	Advanced RAI-R DTC with progression on up to 2 VEGFR-targeted therapies	NCT03914300
Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab	Phase 2	DTC	NCT02973997
Lenvatinib and everolimus	Phase 2	Metastatic DTC with progression on lenvatinib alone	NCT03139747
Anlotinib	Phase 2	Locally advanced thyroid cancer	NCT04309136
Apatinib	Phase 3	RAI-R DTC	NCT03048877
VEGFR inhibitors and immunotherapy combinations in ATC
Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab	Phase 2	Unresectable stage IVB and IVC anaplastic thyroid cancers	NCT04171622
Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab	Phase 2	Anaplastic thyroid cancers and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers	ATLEP
RET inhibitors
TPX-0046	Phase 1/2	Advanced or metastatic solid tumors harboring RET mutations or alterations	NCT04161391
TAS0953	Phase 1/2	RET-altered solid tumors	NCT04683250
Selpercatinib	Phase 2	Neoadjuvant therapy in RET-altered thyroid cancer	NCT04759911
BOS172738	Phase 1	Advanced RET altered tumors	NCT03780517
LOXO-260	Phase 1	RET fusion-positive solid tumors, medullary thyroid cancer, and other tumors with RET activation refractory to selective RET inhibitors	NCT05241834
NTRK inhibitors
Larotrectinib	Phase 2	Locally advanced thyroid cancers harboring NTRK fusions	NCT02576431
Larotrectinib	Phase 1	Solid tumors harboring NTRK fusion	NCT02122913
Entrectinib	Phase 2	Locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer with RET fusions	NCT02568267
Selitrectinib	Phase 1	Solid tumors harboring NTRK fusion	NCT03215511
Repotrectinib	Phase 1/2	Locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors	NCT03093116

DTC, differentiated thyroid carcinoma; RAI, radioactive iodine; RAI-R, RAI-refractory.