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. 2023 Jun 17;15(6):1756. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Modes of action of aluminum-containing adjuvants. (1) Depot effect; (2) recruitment of immune cells; (3) enhancement of antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells; (4) the NLRP3 inflammasome activation; and (5) potentiality to stimulate the humoral immune responses.