Table 2.

Mean scores (standard deviations) of study variables at T1 and T2.

Social connectedness variables	Mean scores (SD)		Test value
	T1	T2
Playground interactions: Sensorsa
% Time spent in interactions	48.24 (22.80)	66.40 (19.90)	t = 2.77*
% Number of different partners	30.69 (13.03)	59.80 (17.05)	t = 6.75***
Closeness centrality weighted with dyadic interaction time	0.05 (0.01)	0.07 (0.02)	Z = 3.63***
Playground activities: Group observationsb
% Solitary no play	7.89	6.88	X2 = 0.241
% Solitary play	3.11	2.34	X2 = 0.515
% Social no play	33.73	21.17	X2 = 11.25**
%Social play	54.31	69.35	X2 = 13.39***
% Conflict	0.96	0.26	X2 = 1.31
% Bullying	0	0	NA
Peer preferencesa
Number of received nominations	3.16 (1.50)	3.43 (1.79)	X2 = 70.05*
Closeness centrality weighted with mutual nominations	0.28 (0.08)	0.31 (0.08)	Z = 2.29*
Sense of social connectednessa
Sense of loneliness (higher score = less loneliness)	4.06 (0.49)	4.20 (0.55)	Z = 1.93

T1 = before the lockdown; T2 = after the lockdown.

* p (two-tailed) < 0.05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.

Significance level is adjusted for multiple testing: p < α/3 = 0.017 for Playground interactions; p < α/6 = 0.008 for Playground activities; p < α/2 = 0.025 for Peer preferences.

^aMeasured at an individual level.

^bMeasured at a group level.