Table 3.
Regression weights (standard error) from linear mixed models examining the effects of T1 and during-lockdown social connectedness on T2-T1 changes in social connectedness (pooled results after multiple imputations).
| % Time spent in playground interactions (sensors) |
No. received nominations |
(Less) Sense of loneliness |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate (SE) | p value | Estimate (SE) | p value | Estimate (SE) | p value |
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Intercept | 0.51 (0.04) | < 0.001 | 3.10 (0.28) | < 0.001 | 4.01 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Timea | 0.11 (0.06) | 0.041 | 0.13 (0.27) | 0.638 | 0.01 (0.08) | 0.867 |
| During-lockdown contactb | −0.05 (0.06) | 0.385 | 0.13 (0.43) | 0.767 | 0.12 (0.14) | 0.419 |
| Time x During-lockdown contact | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.102 | 0.26 (0.40) | 0.524 | 0.26 (0.12) | 0.031 |
| Random effects | ||||||
| Residual | 0.04 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.50 (0.29) | 0.082 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.045 |
| Intercept (Var = subject) | -c | – | 1.42 (0.41) | < 0.001 | 0.16 (0.04) | < 0.001 |
| Time (Var = subject) | – | – | 0.73 (0.56) | 0.192 | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.528 |
| Correlation Intercept-Time | – | – | 0.212 | 0.172 | 0.109 | 0.487 |
N = 43. Adding age and gender did not improve the models, and thus those results are not reported here. Independent variables were considered having an effect when p (two-tailed) < α/3 = 0.017.
a
Time was coded as 0 = pre-lockdown; 1 = post-lockdown.
b
During-lockdown contact was coded as 0 = little; 1 = a lot.
c
Adding random effects caused the final Hessian matrix to be non-positive, indicating that the random effects could be redundant.