Panel 1.

Commonly used terminologies.

Systemic antibiotics: antibiotics administered orally or parenterally and classified under the J01 therapeutic subgroup as per the WHO ATC system. Formulation: a product in a specified form (e.g., solid/liquid) and route of administration (e.g., oral/injectables) containing one or more antibiotic molecules with specified strengths. Brands: formulations sold by a company under a specified trade name and represented by a unique product code. Antibiotic FDCs: formulations that contain two or more drugs in a fixed ratio, of which at least one is an antibiotic. Approved: refers to the approval of a formulation by India's national drug regulatory authority, CDSCO.