Table 3.

Studies showing impact of supervised primaquine radical treatment in preventing the re-occurrence of vivax malaria in different settings.

Year of publication	Country	Study design	Study period	Method of supervision	Results
202227	Papua, Indonesia	Cluster-randomized controlled trial	2016–2018	Alternate day home visits and provision of PQ tablets for that day and next day till the completion	The incidence risk and incidence rate of P. vivax recurrence was higher in the unsupervised group versus the supervised. These findings were found for either P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria patients.
202140	Brazil	Randomized controlled trial	2019–2020	Daily supervision by home visits and administration of PQ	Significant difference and a lower risk of recurrence in the supervised group as compared to unsupervised upto 180 days of follow up
201131	Thailand (Thai-Myanmar border)	Randomized controlled trial	2005 to 2006	Daily supervision by home visits and administration of PQ	There were no cases of reappearance of P.vivax in directly observed therapy group as compared to 5 cases in self-administered therapy group during the follow up period upto 90 days
200439	Pakistan	Cluster randomized control trial	2000–2001	Daily supervision of administration of PQ	There was no significant difference in the supervised and unsupervised group but the placebo group had higher reappearance rate.
200142	Brazil	Prospective open trial without a control group	1997–1998	Supervised administration of PQ through home/hospital visit or follow up with patient on daily basis	Despite supervision, the relapse rate was 2.4 relapses per 100 persons-months in the follow up period of 180 days