Table 2.

Annualized costs of vision centers and incremental teleophthalmology costs, per facility.

Category	Estimate	Description
Panel A: Vision Centers
Planning and preparation ($ per facility)	969	Planning, site identification, promotion, activities to prepare space such as renovations, furniture, fittings, personnel hiring costs and training.
Clinical equipment ($ per facility)	2,204	Equipment and consumables required to perform clinical tasks including IT.
Human resources ($ per facility)	5,542	Salaries of staff managing and providing services.
Other operating expenses ($ per facility)	2,992	Rent, utilities, internet, cleaning, travel, maintenance.
Total vision center costs for case finding and treatment initiation ($ per facility)	11,707 (95% CI: 8,722–15,492)	Excludes spectacles and surgeries.
Total vision center costs for case finding and treatment initiation plus procurement cost of spectacles ($ per facility)	14,954 (95% CI: 11,782–18,913)
Panel B: Teleophthalmology
Planning and training ($ per facility)	57	Planning for establishing teleophthalmology including training.
Additional IT equipment and software ($ per facility)	164	Additional hardware and software that would be required to enable teleophthalmology such as a camera, patient electronic medical record software.
Doctor salary ($ per facility)	766	The average salary for doctors who consult remotely.
Additional internet costs ($ per facility)	284	Vision centers with teleophthalmology often require dedicated fixed line broadband. This category reflects these additional charges.
Incremental Costs of Teleophthalmology ($)	1,271 (95% CI: 181 to 3,340)

Notes. Costs are reported as annualized values in 2020 USD using a 3% discount rate. All data were provided by six Indian eye health providers for the Indian financial year 2019–20. See Supplementary Materials S5 for detailed methodology on teleophthalmology costing.