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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2023 May 2;186(10):2160–2175.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.010

Figure 6. The learned helplessness experimental design with sucrose preference and tail suspension using C57BL/6J mice.

Figure 6.

(A) Top: Sub-chronic administration with the vehicle, 2 or 5 mg/kg ‘8090, or 5 mg/kg ‘8219 for 2 weeks followed immediately by chronic daily treatment throughout learned helplessness (LH) training. Bottom: Continued daily injections during the first 13 days of LH testing, followed by the withdrawal of treatment during testing. Abbreviations: Treat, treatment; Habit, habituation to the LH apparatus; LH, LH training; SE, shock escape testing; W-W, water-water pairing; S-W, sucrose-water pairing; IFS, intermittent foot-shock; FR, overnight food restriction; Strobe, strobe light during the dark cycle; Spray, the mouse and bedding were sprayed with water and the bedding was changed 2-days later; TS, tail suspension; EZM, elevated zero maze; RAM, radial 8-arm maze; OF, open field; and FSS, foot-shock sensitivity. (B) Sucrose preference in LH mice. N=10 mice/treatment. (C) Tail suspension in LH mice. N=10 mice/treatment. All primary statistics are in Table S9.