Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics
| Measures | Liraglutide | Sitagliptin | Diet | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=44 | N=22 | N=22 | N=88 | |
|
| ||||
| Age, years | 49.8±10.1 | 52.4±10.5 | 49.2±12.5 | 50.3±10.8 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 29.5% (13) | 31.8% (7) | 36.4% (8) | 31.8% (28) |
| Female | 70.5% (31) | 68.2% (15) | 63.6% (14) | 68.2% (60) |
| Race | ||||
| Asian | 4.5% (2) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 2.3% (2) |
| Black or African American | 9.1% (4) | 13.6% (3) | 18.2% (4) | 12.5% (11) |
| White | 86.4% (38) | 81.8% (18) | 77.3% (17) | 83.0% (73) |
| More Than One Race | 0% (0) | 4.5% (1) | 4.5% (1) | 2.3% (2) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 2.3% (1) | 9.1% (2) | 4.5% (1) | 4.5% (4) |
| NOT Hispanic or Latino | 95.5% (42) | 90.9% (20) | 95.5% (21) | 94.3% (83) |
| Unknown / Not Reported | 2.3% (1) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 1.1% (1) |
| Weight, kg | 108.8±20.9 | 111.4±22.0 | 111.3±21.5 | 110.1±21.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 38.8±6.1 | 39.9±6.0 | 38.4±5.9 | 39.0±6.0 |
| Waist Circumference, cm | 115.8±11.5 | 118.4±14.5 | 117.5±13.6 | 116.9±12.8 |
| Hip Circumference, cm | 126.2±12.7 | 126.2±12.0 | 125.7±10.9 | 126.1±11.9 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 96.2±10.1 | 100.2±9.4 | 96.7±11.8 | 97.4±10.4 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 21.4±13.9 | 26.9±14.0 | 18.4±7.4 | 22.3±12.8 |
| OGTT 2-hour blood glucose, mg/dL | 142.0±24.8 | 148.1±41.1 | 130.2±27.8 | 140.6±30.7 |
| HOMA-IR | 5.0±3.0 | 6.5±3.3 | 4.6±2.4 | 5.3±3.0 |
| HOMA2 | 0.41±0.25 | 0.52±0.27 | 0.36±0.15 | 0.43±0.24 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.7±0.3 | 5.8±0.3 | 5.7±0.3 | 5.7±0.3 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 191.0±39.2 | 192.5±31.2 | 170.9±49.9 | 186.6±40.7 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 122.2±51.4 | 143.3±59.6 | 115.0±67.1 | 125.9±58.0 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 47.5±9.6 | 45.6±11.2 | 44.1±10.9 | 46.2±10.3 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 119.1±31.9 | 118.2±27.0 | 111.5±35.7 | 117.0±31.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 124.1±7.7 | 120.2±11.3 * | 127.7±8.3 | 124.1±9.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77.6±9.3 | 74.7±8.7 | 77.8±7.0 | 76.9±8.6 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 64.9±7.4 | 67.2±9.0 | 63.8±8.8 | 65.2±8.2 |
| Anti-hypertensive agent use | 25.0% (11) | 36.4% (8) | 45.5% (10) | 33.0% (29) |
| FMD, % | 10.54±5.21 | 10.39±5.37 | 10.22±5.25 | 10.42±5.20 |
All measures shown as mean±SD for continuous variables and % (N) for categorical variables. OGTT indicates oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HOMA2, Homeostatic Model Assessment 2. Asterisk
(*)
indicates P<0.05 versus diet using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.