Table 2.
Effects of Treatment
| Liraglutide | Sitagliptin | Diet | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures | Baseline | 2 weeks | 14 weeks | Baseline | 2 weeks | 14 weeks | Baseline | 2 weeks | 14 weeks |
| Weight, kg | 108.8±20.9 | 108.3±21.0 | 106.4±22.1 * † ‡ | 111.4±22.0 | 111.0±22.6 | 110.7±22.3 ‡ | 111.3±21.5 | 109.9±21.4 * | 108.6±18.1 * |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 95.3±8.6 | 84.3±7.9 * † ‡ | 85.2±7.3 * † ‡ | 97.6±10.0 | 93.9±8.1 | 96.6±5.6 | 94.5±12.0 | 92.4±11.3 | 91.2±9.8 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 22.7±16.8 | 18.3±12.5 * † | 20.3±14.7 | 23.3±14.4 | 29.4±25.4 ‡ | 26.0±19.0 ‡ | 26.7±21.2 | 19.7±16.5 * | 20.3±13.7 * |
| HOMA-IR | 5.4±4.0 | 3.9±2.8 * † | 4.4±3.4 * † | 5.5±3.3 | 6.9±6.0 ‡ | 6.1±4.3 ‡ | 6.6±6.1 | 4.8±4.6 * | 4.8±3.7 * |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 124.1±7.7 | 122.9±6.3 | 122.2±7.8 ‡ | 120.2±11.3 | 117.5±11.3 | 118.2±13.9 | 127.7±8.3 | 121.7±6.8 * | 119.7±11.1 * |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.6±9.3 | 78.3±7.7 † | 77.7±7.1 † ‡ | 74.7±8.7 | 72.3±7.8 | 73.1±9.8 | 77.9±7.0 | 76.5±5.1 | 74.8±8.3 * |
| Heart rate, bpm | 64.9±7.5 | 69.0±6.4 * † ‡ | 68.9±5.6 * † ‡ | 67.2±9.0 | 66.2±9.2 | 65.9±8.5 | 63.8±8.8 | 63.2±9.5 | 61.7±7.9 * |
| PAI-1, U/mL | 20.2±9.2 | 17.0±6.4 * | 16.9±6.4 * † | 18.5±8.6 | 16.9±6.5 | 19.5±7.0 ‡ | 18.5±8.0 | 19.4±7.5 | 15.3±5.9 * |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 105.4±36.1 | 95.0±25.0 * | 95.2±26.9 * | 107.5±25.8 | 107.6±30.8 | 106.7±26.0 | 108.2±34.1 | 103.1±36.9 | 109.2±34.3 |
| P-selectin, ng/mL | 57.1±23.0 | 56.6±24.1 | 52.9±20.9 | 52.3±25.3 | 51.6±22.3 | 51.8±19.5 | 58.6±22.0 | 57.5±28.4 | 60.8±22.1 |
| UACR | 12.0±23.6 | ND | 10.5±14.8 | 7.9±7.6 | ND | 9.2±10.7 | 6.3±3.8 | ND | 10.1±19.4 |
|
| |||||||||
| Forearm Blood Flow Measures | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Baseline diameter, mm | 3.35±0.51 | 3.25±0.47 | 3.33±0.55 | 3.51±0.62 | 3.47±0.63 | 3.47±0.66 | 3.41±0.67 | 3.44±0.74 | 3.40±0.71 |
| FMD, % | 10.54±5.21 | 11.70±5.14 | 12.01±6.18 | 10.39±5.37 | 12.18±4.56 | 11.98±4.45 | 10.22±5.25 | 10.99±5.12 | 10.73±4.80 |
| Pre-nitro diameter, mm | 3.39±0.51 | 3.14±0.40 | 3.20±0.42 | 3.82±0.65 | 3.38±0.80 | 3.68±0.72 | 3.46±0.77 | 3.55±0.85 | 3.88±0.86 |
| NMD, % | 20.39±8.59 | 22.32±8.61 | 21.60±10.07 | 19.31±6.39 | 26.57±14.19 | 21.92±8.23 | 21.05±9.92 | 20.09±9.27 | 15.44±10.91 |
All measures shown as mean±SD. HOMA-IR indicates Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; Nitro, nitroglycerin; NMD, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation. ND indicates not done. Asterisk
(*)
indicates P<0.05 versus baseline; dagger
(†)
indicates P<0.05 versus sitagliptin; double dagger
(‡)
P<0.05 versus diet.