Table 5. Awareness of risk factors and prevention.

		Have you had kidney stones before?
		Yes, I was diagnosed by a doctor		Yes, but I wasn't diagnosed by a doctor		No
		N	%	N	%	N	%	Chi-square	p-value
Drinking fluids prevent kidney stones from forming	No	8	0.8%	0	0.00%	144	14.1%	6.511	0.039
	Yes	91	8.9%	13	1.30%	767	75.0%
Urinary tract infections increase the risk of developing kidney stones	No	57	5.6%	10	1.00%	516	50.4%	2.166	0.339
	Yes	42	4.1%	3	0.30%	395	38.6%
Red meat increases the risk of developing kidney stones	No	48	4.7%	8	0.80%	680	66.5%	30.979	0.00
	Yes	51	5.0%	5	0.50%	231	22.6%
A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing kidney stones	No	56	5.5%	8	0.80%	618	60.4%	5.261	0.072
	Yes	43	4.2%	5	0.50%	293	28.6%
Excess calcium and uric acid in the blood increases the risk of developing kidney stones	No	51	5.0%	7	0.70%	535	52.3%	1.998	0.368
	Yes	48	4.7%	6	0.60%	376	36.8%
Tea and coffee help in the formation of kidney stones	No	66	6.5%	9	0.90%	759	74.2%	17.754	0.000
	Yes	33	3.2%	4	0.40%	152	14.9%
Boiled parsley water helps prevent kidney stones	No	33	3.2%	7	0.70%	526	51.4%	21.531	0.000
	Yes	66	6.5%	6	0.60%	385	37.6%
Endocrine diseases increase the risk of developing kidney stones	No	87	8.5%	12	1.20%	815	79.7%	0.357	0.837
	Yes	12	1.2%	1	0.10%	96	9.4%
If you have kidney stones in a family member, this increases your risk of developing kidney stones	No	71	6.9%	11	1.10%	777	76.0%	12.226	0.002
	Yes	28	2.7%	2	0.20%	134	13.1%
Drinking adequate amounts of water prevents the formation of kidney stones	No	99	9.7%	13	1.30%	910	89.0%	0.123	0.940
	Yes	0	0.0%	0	0.00%	1	0.1%
I don't know	No	99	9.7%	13	1.30%	908	88.8%	0.370	0.831
	Yes	0	0.0%	0	0.00%	3	0.3%