Table A1.
Dynamic Mechanism Analysis of the Effects of Widowhood on Health Indicators by Gender and Hukou (available on request)
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLES | Working | Caring for spouse |
Caring for grandchildren |
Ln hours of caring for grandchildren |
Received transfers from children |
Ln transfers from children |
Ln per capita consumption |
Living with children |
Having social interactions |
| Year bereaved-1 indicator | −0.009 | 0.062** | 0.020 | 0.157 | 0.041 | 0.166 | 0.075 | −0.026 | 0.078 |
| (0.039) | (0.026) | (0.033) | (0.271) | (0.046) | (0.346) | (0.090) | (0.020) | (0.048) | |
| Year bereaved+1 indicator | −0.066** | −0.123*** | 0.027 | −0.070 | −0.125*** | −0.531* | 0.130 | 0.101*** | 0.052 |
| (0.031) | (0.020) | (0.030) | (0.234) | (0.037) | (0.308) | (0.100) | (0.031) | (0.043) | |
| Year bereaved+2 indicator | −0.052 | −0.144*** | −0.040 | −0.542 | −0.167*** | −1.286*** | −0.118 | 0.178*** | 0.041 |
| (0.048) | (0.029) | (0.053) | (0.375) | (0.056) | (0.461) | (0.230) | (0.048) | (0.067) | |
| Year bereaved-1 indicator×female | −0.041 | −0.042 | −0.051 | 0.056 | 0.105 | 0.400 | 0.027 | 0.036 | −0.138 |
| (0.066) | (0.047) | (0.075) | (0.680) | (0.101) | (0.802) | (0.165) | (0.049) | (0.097) | |
| Year bereaved+1 indicator×female | 0.126*** | 0.040 | −0.059 | −0.409 | 0.050 | −0.020 | 0.053 | −0.045 | 0.056 |
| (0.043) | (0.031) | (0.055) | (0.451) | (0.081) | (0.670) | (0.149) | (0.050) | (0.087) | |
| Year bereaved+2 indicator×female | 0.100 | 0.038 | −0.036 | −0.446 | 0.040 | 0.075 | 0.143 | 0.259*** | −0.039 |
| (0.064) | (0.036) | (0.097) | (0.703) | (0.099) | (0.825) | (0.254) | (0.086) | (0.118) | |
| Year bereaved-1 indicator×female×rural | 0.012 | −0.037 | 0.055 | 0.096 | −0.130 | −0.772 | 0.036 | −0.034 | 0.059 |
| (0.063) | (0.047) | (0.074) | (0.667) | (0.098) | (0.782) | (0.163) | (0.050) | (0.095) | |
| Year bereaved+1 indicator×female×rural | −0.128*** | −0.087*** | 0.151*** | 1.183*** | −0.051 | 0.034 | −0.283* | 0.048 | −0.002 |
| (0.039) | (0.030) | (0.053) | (0.441) | (0.078) | (0.642) | (0.154) | (0.046) | (0.083) | |
| Year bereaved+2 indicator×female×rural | −0.149** | −0.068** | 0.158* | 1.114* | −0.045 | 0.585 | −0.039 | −0.188** | 0.006 |
| (0.058) | (0.028) | (0.090) | (0.666) | (0.091) | (0.767) | (0.160) | (0.085) | (0.110) | |
| Observations | 34,893 | 35,238 | 34,899 | 34,899 | 34,885 | 34,427 | 34,021 | 34,766 | 33,044 |
| R-squared | 0.039 | 0.033 | 0.043 | 0.057 | 0.318 | 0.185 | 0.087 | 0.186 | 0.047 |
Note:
***
p<0.001
**
p<0.01
*
p<0.05; robust standard errors are in parentheses. The sample includes continuously married, continuously widowed and becoming widowed people. All regressions included controls for the interactions of 2011 dependent health condition with a linear time trend, and the interactions of county dummies with time trend.