TABLE 4.
Generic PROs
| CLINICAL OUTCOME ASSESSMENT | CLINICAL OUTCOME ASSESSMENT REFERENCES | DOMAIN | INTERPRETATION | LANGUAGES | RELIABILITY | VALIDITY | ORIGINAL VALIDATION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) | Adewuya and Makanjuola (2010),20 Franz et al (2013),61 Sonntag et al (2015),131 Su et al (2014)132 | QoL | 26 items scored 0–100 through transformation; higher score=better health | Multiple | ++ Cronbach’s α: 0.73–0.84 | +++ on PANSS | The WHOQOL Group (1998)183 |
| 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) | Domenech et al (2019),48 Franklin et al (2019),59 Grunder et al (2016),69 Guo et al (2012),71 Papaioannou et al (2011),117 Su et al (2014)132 | QoL | Lower score=greater disability | Multiple | +++ Cronbach’s α=0.9 | +++ on PANSS (0.86) + on other COAs |
Ware (2000),182 Papaioannou et al (2011)117 |
| EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) | Adewuya and Makanjuola (2010),20 Papaioannou et al (2011),117 Pitkanen et al (2012),122 Sonntag et al (2015),131 Su et al (2014)132 | HRQoL | 0=death, 1=best possible health | Multiple | + Cronbach’s α=0.63 ICC=0.62 |
++ on SQoL | Papaioannou et al (2011),117 Pitkanen et al (2012)122 |
| Quality of Wellbeing Scale/Quality of Wellbeing Scale-Self Administered (QWB) | Thwin et al (2013)138 | QoL | 0=death, 1=best possible function | English | ++ ICC=0.77 on test-retest | +++ to QWB interview | Kaplan et al (1997)178 |
| Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) | Abdin et al (2019),18 Abdin et al (2019)19 | QoL | Score range: 0.29–1; higher score=better QoL | Multiple | +++ ICC=0.92 | +++ on PANSS (0.69) | Brazier et al (2002)177 |
| Health Utility Index (HUI-3) | Abdin et al (2019),18 Seow et al (2019)130 | QoL | Score range: -0.36–1; higher score=better health utility | Multiple | +++ ICC=0.83 | +++ on PANSS (0.69) | Luo et al (2006)180 |
| The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-lite (IWQOL-lite) | Liu et al (2017)95 | QoL | Items rated 1 (never true), 3 (sometimes true), or 5 (always true); higher score=worse QOL | English | +++ Cronbach’s α ≥0.92 | N/A | Kolotkin and Crosby (2002)179 |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS II) | Guilera et al (2012),70 Mas-Exposito et al (2012)98 | HRQoL | Score range: 0–100; higher score=greater disability | Multiple | +++ Cronbach’s α=0.94 ICC=0.92 |
+ on PANSS + on EQ-5D |
World Health Organization (2000)181 |
| Bernheim’s Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) | O’Neill (2010)114 | QoL | Various periods of life scored from -5 (worst) to +5 (best) | English | N/A | + on subjective wellbeing | Bernheim et al (2006)176 |
| Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI) | Ventura et al (2010),154 Ventura et al (2013)155 | Cognition | 10 items; higher score=greater degree of impairment | English | ++ Cronbach’s α: 0.77–0.78 ICC=0.92 |
+ on MCCB + on UPSA + on RFS |
Ventura et al (2016)156 |
| Brief Cognitive Assessment (BCA) | Velligan et al (2004)152 | Cognition | 3 domains; composite score is a mean z-score of the 3 | English | ++ Cronbach’s α: 0.77–0.78 ICC=0.821 |
+ on LWPRAS (0.24) +++ on SOFA (0.57) ++ on MCAS (0.42) +++ on FNA (0.66) |
Velligan et al (2004)152 |
COA: clinical outcome assessment; FNA: Functional Needs Assessment; HRQoL: health-related quality of life; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; LWPRAS: Lehman Work and Productive Activity Scale; MCCB: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; MCAS: Multnomah Community Ability Scale; N/A: not available; PRO: patient-reported outcome; QoL: quality of life; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SQoL: Subjective Quality of Life Scale; RFS: Role Functioning Scale; SOFAS: Social and Occupational Functioning Scale; UPSA: Performance-based Assessment of Functioning