Table 2.
A descriptive review of studies that reported associated factors for the burden of neural tube defects in Africa, 2022.
| Authors | Year | Country | Region | Total size | Case | Control | Variables of associate factors | OR 95% (CI) | Study of quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlaw et al. [28] | 2019 | Ethiopia | Oromiya-Bale | 462 | 42 | 420 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Parental consanguinity marriage Maternal alcohol consumption Maternal history of stillbirth Maternal exposure to pesticide Maternal exposure to radiation Maternal medical illness Sex of newborn |
0.115 (0.044-0.298) 4.9 (1.49-16.17) 0.79 (0.32-1.98) 1.4 (0.416-4.75) 0.196 (0.02-2.21) 0.44 (0.09-2.08) 1.01 (0.48-2.13) 0.72 (0.38-1.37) |
Medium |
| Berihu et al. [30] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Tigray | 617 | 205 | 115 | Maternal alcohol consumption Maternal exposure to pesticide Maternal exposure to radiation Sex of newborn Maternal age > 35 years |
10.28 (1.19-88.5) 5 (0.15-166.6) 5 (0.15-166.6) 0.51 (0.34-0.76) 2.46 (1.33-4.53) |
High |
| Bourouba et al. [54] | 2018 | Algeria | Banta | 48 | 44 | 4 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Parental consanguinity marriage Maternal age > 35 years |
1.17 (0.39-3.49) 0.92 (0.42-1.97) 4.15 (0.89-19.25) |
Medium |
| Aynalem Tesfay et al. [19] | 2021 | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | 180 | 60 | 120 | Maternal alcohol consumption Maternal exposure to pesticide Maternal exposure to radiation Sex of newborn |
0.57 (0.20-1.45) 2.01 (0.98-4.16) 1.34 (0.23-8.30) 1.70 (0.91-3.20) |
Medium |
| Gashaw et al. [20] | 2021 | Ethiopia | Amhara-North Shewa | 243 | 81 | 162 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Maternal exposure to pesticide Maternal history of stillbirth |
0.16 (0.07-0.33) 5.34 (1.77-16.05) 3.63 (1.03-12.2) |
High |
| Gedefaw et al. [32] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | 333 | 111 | 222 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Sex of newborn Maternal age > 35 years |
0.47 (0.23-0.95) 0.56 (0.33-0.94) |
Medium |
| Study et al. [21] | 2022 | Ethiopia | Amhara region | 381 | 127 | 254 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Maternal history of stillbirth Sex of newborn Maternal medical illness Maternal age > 35 years |
1.80 (1.15-2.83) 1 (0.63-1.4) 1 (0.33-2.2) 2.04 (1.03-3.4) |
Medium |
| Nasri et al. [71] | 2015 | Tunisia | Wassila-Bourguiba center | 150 | 75 | 75 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Parental consanguinity marriage |
6.75 (1.95-22.07) 10.70 (3.30-22.66) |
Medium |
| Nasri et al. [51] | 2016 | Tunisia | Wassila-Bourguiba center | 132 | 68 | 64 | Parental consanguinity marriage | 2.60 (12.0-0.70) | Medium |
| Tadesse et al. [22] | 2020 | Ethiopia | Amhara region | 400 | 133 | 267 | Maternal folic acid supplementation Maternal alcohol consumption Sex of newborn Maternal history of stillbirth |
0.27 (0.17-0.44) 0.59 (0.33-1.05) 2.09 (1.34-3.29) 0.61 (0.28-1.29) |
High |