Table 2. Sperm analysis results of SARS-CoV-2 patients reported by the included studies.
| Study | Infection classification (n) | Age (y) | Time from confirmed infection to sample collection (d) | SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen (n) | Time from last negative RT-PCR swab result to sperm analysis (d) | Sperm analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semen volume (mL) | Sperm concentration (millions/mL) | Sperm progressive motility (%) | Sperm total motility (%) | Sperm morphology (%) | ||||||
| Erbay et al [39] | Mild (26) | 30.04±4.8 | - | - | 119.42 (94–144) | 3.08±0.8 | 28.62±12.4 | 20.92±9.1 | 33.41±12.3 | - |
| Moderate (43) | 31.06±4.2 | - | - | 127.66 (96–190) | 2.74±0.9 | 30.63±17.2 | 21.40±10.1 | 31.42±13.3 | - | |
| Gacci et al [46] | Not hospitalized (12) | 44 (33–49) | - | 1 (43) | 30 (23–39) | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 65.8 (23.8–71.0) | 36.0 (26.0–58.0) | - | 2 (2–5) |
| Hospitalized without ICU (26) | 52 (48–58) | - | 37 (26–49) | 2.0 (0.8–2.5) | 17.8 (5.5–70.0) | 25.0 (12.0–42.0) | - | 3 (1–4) | ||
| ICU (5) | 59 (56–59) | - | 24 (23–32) | 1.5 (1–2) | 0.0 (0.0–3.5) | 27.0 (27.0–27.0) | - | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Machado et al [23] | Mild, moderate | 23.26 (19–43) | 14 | 1 (15) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Li et al [28] | - | 20s–50s | 10.67±3.3 | 6 (38) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Best et al [24] | - | 40 (IQR=24.75) | 37 (IQR=23) | - | - | 2.1 (IQR=1.23) | 11.5 (IQR=26.8) | - | - | - |
| Hajizadeh Maleki and Tartibian [47] | Mild (1) | 34.7±6.3 | 13.2±4.9 | 0 (84) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Moderate (23) | ||||||||||
| Severe (27) | ||||||||||
| Critical (33) | ||||||||||
| Burke et al [25] | Asymptomatic (1) | 36.52±13.29 | 10.21 ±10.15 | 0 (19) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mild (2) | ||||||||||
| Moderate (15) | ||||||||||
| Paoli et al [48] | Mild (2) | 51.5±13.61 | 17.25±25.30 | 0 (4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Recovered (2) | ||||||||||
| Rawlings et al [26] | - | 38 | 7–21 | 0 (6) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Li et al [29] | Mild (9) | 40.8±8.5 | 25.8 | 0 (23) | - | - | 13.8 (5.2–36.8) | - | - | - |
| Moderate (14) | 10.9 (3.0–39.1) | |||||||||
| Holtmann et al [49] | Mild (14) | 42.7±10.4 | 43.5±6.2 | 0 (18) | 34.9±11.7 | 2.5±1 | 95.9±50.5 | 46.1±21.1 | 57.5±24.1 | - |
| Moderate (4) | 40.8±8.7 | 47±5.3 | 25.5±8.3 | 1.4±0.7 | 16.2±22.4 | 20±0 | 42.5±24.7 | - | ||
| Temiz et al [41] | Before treatment (10) | 38.00±8.28 | 2–3 | 0 (20) | - | 1.25±1.13 | 57.00±36.62 | 39.50±15.50 | 27.97±14.88 | 1.50±2.00 |
| After treatment (10) | 37.00±8.69 | 1.60±1.63 | 45.10±36.90 | 33.00±14.75 | 23.54±18.53 | 1.00±1.00 | ||||
| Guo et al [31] | Mild (18) | 23 | 32 (27.5–33) | 0 (23) | - | 2.3 (1.35–3.0) | 95 (56–155.5) | 50 (37.5–60) | 65 (57.5–76) | 16 (12–22) |
| Moderate (5) | ||||||||||
| Ruan et al [32] | Mild (11) | 30.5 (27–35.5) | 3–125 | 0 (70) | 80 (64–93) | 3.01±1.22 | 66.41±31.82 | 43.64±12.37 | 48.89±13.72 | 10.52±6.69 |
| Moderate (31) | ||||||||||
| Severe (32) | ||||||||||
| Pan et al [33] | Mild and moderate | 37 (31–49) | 31 (29–36) | 0 (34) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ma et al [35] | Mild | 39 (20–49) | 78.5 (56–109) | - | - | 3.58±1.45 | 65.5±42.38 | 37.29±19.83 | 41±20.91 | 5.23±1.29 |
| Ma et al [36] | Mild (2) | 38 (34.5–42.5) | - | 0 (81) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Moderate (70) | ||||||||||
| Severe (7) | ||||||||||
| Critical (2) | ||||||||||
| Kayaaslan et al [44] | Mild (11) | 33.5 (18–54) | 1 (0–7) | 0 (16) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Moderate (5) | ||||||||||
| Pavone et al [52] | Mild | 41.11±10.57 | 6.67±2.75 | 0 (9) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Quan et al [38] | Mild | 60 (20–60) | 3–14 | 0 (18) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Zhang et al [30] | Mild | 57 (29–76) | 11 ( 8–17) | 0 (10) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Song et al [37] | Asymptomatic (1) | 22–38 | - | 0 (12) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mild (11) | ||||||||||
| Nicastri et al [53] | - | 20s | - | 0 (1) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ICU: intensive care unit, IQR: interquartile range, RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, -: not available.