Table 2.

Summary of existing literature for medications under investigation for HS treatment

Agent (route of admission)	Target mechanism	Outcome (placebo)
Secukinumab (subcutaneous)	IL-17	Casseres et al.: HiSCR week 20: 67% SUNSHINE: HiSCR week 16: 45% (versus 34%) SUNRISE: HiSCR week 16: 42–46% (versus 31%)
Tofacitinib (oral)	JAK	“Improvement” in two patient case series
Povorcitinib (oral)	JAK	First phase 2 trial: HiSCR week 8: 43% Second phase 2 trial: HiSCR week 8: 88% (versus 57%)
Bermekimab (subcutaneous)	IL-1α	TNF-α failure: HiSCR week 12: 63% TNF-α naive: HiSCR week 12: 61%
IFX-1 (intravenous)	C5a	HiSCR week 16: non-superior to placebo (47%)
Apremilast (oral)	PDE4	HiSCR week 16: 53%
Metformin monotherapy (oral)	Antiinflammatory effects	Subjective clinical response 12 months: 68%
Risankizumab (subcutaneous)	IL-23α	HiSCR week 16: non-superior to placebo; 43–47% (versus 42%)

IL Interleukin, JAK Janus kinase, PDE4 Phosphodiesterase-4, C5a Complement 5a, HiSCR Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response, TNF Tumor necrosis factor