. 2023 Jun 28;13:10460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37528-9

Table 3.

DS and PDI of freshly prepared CT-CTO-NEs in sodium alginate solution and cross-linked film.

Formulations	CT-CTO-NEs DS (nm) in sodium alginate solution Mean ± SD	PDI Mean ± SD	CT-CTO-NEs DS (nm) in sodium alginate cross-linked film Mean ± SD	PDI Mean ± SD
CT-CTO-NEs 1	931 ± 145ⁱ	0.38 ± 0.10^def	1136 ± 103^j	0.32 ± 0.13^efgh
CT-CTO-NEs 2	833 ± 36^g	0.32 ± 0.03^de	978 ± 35ⁱ	0.42 ± 0.15^gh
CT-CTO-NEs 3	254 ± 23^c	0.08 ± 0.09^ab	262 ± 18^cd	0.13 ± 0.02^abcd
CT-CTO-NEs 4	60 ± 13^a	0.06 ± 0.02^a	58 ± 10^a	0.08 ± 0.02^a
CT-CTO-NEs 5	180 ± 24^b	0.10 ± 0.03^ab	193 ± 13^b	0.12 ± 0.03^abc
CT-CTO-NEs 6	440 ± 19^d	0.07 ± 0.05^ab	456 ± 21^e	0.07 ± 0.01^a
CT-CTO-NEs 7	735 ± 18^f	0.26 ± 0.04^cd	752 ± 22^g	0.23 ± 0.03^bcdef
CT-CTO-NEs 8	866 ± 10^gh	0.41 ± 0.12^ef	998 ± 18ⁱ	0.32 ± 0.15^fgh
CT-CTO-NEs 9	1108 ± 106^j	0.46 ± 0.12^ef	1213 ± 94^k	0.29 ± 0.1^defg
CT-CTO-NEs 10	954 ± 84ⁱ	0.42 ± 0.1^ef	989 ± 29ⁱ	0.32 ± 0.16^fgh
CT-CTO-NEs 11	388 ± 38^d	0.08 ± 0.05^ab	302 ± 22^d	0.15 ± 0.06^abcd
CT-CTO-NEs 12	98 ± 10^a	0.04 ± 0.02^a	112 ± 9^a	0.08 ± 0.03^a
CT-CTO-NEs 13	189 ± 28^bc	0.06 ± 0.04^ab	225 ± 16^bc	0.18 ± 0.05^abcde
CT-CTO-NEs 14	630 ± 24^e	0.18 ± 0.08^bc	595 ± 32^f	0.1 ± 0.03^ab
CT-CTO-NEs 15	910 ± 16^hi	0.36 ± 0.04^def	868 ± 36^h	0.26 ± 0.02^cdef
CT-CTO-NEs 16	1224 ± 18^k	0.48 ± 0.1^f	1112 ± 21^j	0.45 ± 0.1^h

Values are means ± SD; the values followed by the same lower-case letter, in the same column and parameter, and by the same upper-case letter in the same row are not significantly different (Duncan’s new multiple range test at p < 0.05).