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. 2023 Apr 28;30(7):1648–1665. doi: 10.1038/s41418-023-01166-5

Fig. 5. CD44 cross-talking with DDR1 enhances HCC stemness in vitro and vivo.

Fig. 5

A Effects of DDR1 knock-out with CD44 overexpression or overexpressed DDR1 with CD44 knock-down HCC cells on sphere-forming capacity, including sphere numbers and diameters (scale bar = 200 μm). B Flow cytometry analyses of the CD133 mean fluorescence intensity in DDR1 knock-out with CD44 overexpression or overexpressed DDR1 with CD44 knock-down HCC cells. C DDR1 knock-out with CD44 overexpression or overexpressed DDR1 with CD44 knock-down HCC cells were treated with sorafenib or doxorubicin. Cell viability was determined compared with the untreated cells, and IC50 values were calculated. D Extreme limiting dilution analysis of CD44/DDR1KO and control cells of HLF. Cells were serially diluted and then subcutaneously injected into 4-week-old male NOD/SCID mice (n = 12/group) (Left). CSCs frequency was calculated using ELDA software (Right). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was performed. Each bar represents the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.