Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
| Study | Country | Objective | Recruitment | Total N | PTSD N | Interview | Diagnosis | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Braga et al. [38] (2005) | Brazil | Various anxiety disorders | Consecutive | 53 | 2 | SCID | DSM-IV | Lifetime |
| Ciapparelli et al. [39] (2007) | Italy | Various anxiety disorders | N/A | 98 | 0 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| DeTore et al. [45] (2021) | United States | PTSD | N/A | 404 | 20 | SCID | DSM-IV | Lifetime |
| Halász et al. [46] (2013) | Hungary | PTSD | N/A | 125 | 21 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| Karatzias et al. [42] (2007) | United Kingdom | Various psychiatric disorders | Consecutive | 136 | 1 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| Kiran and Chaudhury [47] (2016) | India | Various anxiety disorders | Consecutive | 93 | 1 | MINI | ICD-10 | Current |
| Neria et al. [48] (2002) | United States | PTSD | N/A | 170 | 17 | SCID | DSM-III-R | Lifetime |
| Newman et al. [49] (2010) | United States | PTSD | Consecutive | 52 | 22 | SCID | DSM-IV | Lifetime |
| 9 | Current | |||||||
| Pallanti et al. [50] (2004) | Italy | Various anxiety disorders | Consecutive | 80 | 1 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| Peleikis et al. [51] (2013) | Norway | PTSD | Consecutive | 292 | 21 | SCID | DSM-IV | Lifetime |
| Priebe et al. [16] (1998) | Germany | Involuntary admission | N/A | 105 | 54 | PTSD-I | DSM-III-R | Current |
| Resnick et al. [52] (2003) | United States | PTSD | N/A | 47 | 6 | CAPS | DSM-IV | Current |
| Sarkar et al. [53] (2005) | United Kingdom | PTSD | N/A | 55 | 22 | PSS-I | DSM-IV | Lifetime |
| 15 | Current | |||||||
| Schäfer et al. [54] (2015) | Germany | PTSD | Consecutive | 121 | 14 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| Seedat et al. [41] (2007) | South Africa | Various psychiatric disorders | Consecutive | 70 | 3 | MINI | DSM-IV | Current |
| Shaw et al. [17] (2002) | Australia | Psychotic experiences | Consecutive | 42 | 22 | CAPS | DSM-III-R | Current |
| Sim et al. [44] (2006) | Singapore | Various psychiatric disorders | Consecutive | 142 | 0 | SCID | DSM-IV | Current |
| Sin et al. [57] (2010) | Singapore | PTSD | N/A | 45 | 7 | CAPS | DSM-IV-TR | Current |
| Steel et al. [55] (2011) | United Kingdom | PTSD | N/A | 165 | 30 | CAPS | DSM-IV | Current |
| Strakowski et al. [40] (1993) | United States | Various psychiatric disorders | Consecutive | 10 | 0 | SCID | DSM-III-R | Current |
| Tibbo et al. [43] (2003) | Canada | Various anxiety disorders | N/A | 30 | 0 | MINI | DSM-IV | Current |
| Vogel et al. [56] (2009) | Germany | PTSD | Consecutive | 74 | 11 | SCID | DSM-III-R | Current |
PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; N, number; N/A, not available; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision; CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; PTSD-I, PTSD Interview; PSS-I, PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview