Table 3.

Association between baseline sensory impairments and dementia incidence

Group	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)	p
Model 1
NS (reference)
VSI	1.3731 (1.2775–1.4758)	<0.001
ASI	1.1945 (1.1269–1.2663)	<0.001
DSI	1.5438 (1.2816–1.8596)	<0.001
Model 2
NS (reference)
VSI	1.3553 (1.2608–1.4568)	<0.001
ASI	1.1908 (1.1232–1.2624)	<0.001
DSI	1.5267 (1.2674–1.8390)	<0.001

Model 1: Adjusted by sex, SES, age, and comorbidity. Model 2: Model 1+adjusted by smoking, alcohol, and activity. NS, normal sensory; ASI, auditory sensory impairment; VSI, visual sensory impairment; DSI, dual sensory impairment; SES, socioeconomic status