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. 2023 Jun 15;14:1170436. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170436

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Copyright © 2023 Macias-Ceja, Barrachina and Ortiz-Masià.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Findings concerning the role of autophagy in human intestinal fibrosis. The image reflects the pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic role of autophagy described in human intestinal samples, in function of the cell type (fibroblasts or epithelial cells) and the type of stimulus used to modulate autophagy. The figure also shows the fibrosis markers used to analyse the response. α-SMA, Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin; EMT, Epithelial Mesenchymal transition; MMP, Matrix Metalloproteinases; TGFβ1, Transforming Growth Factor beta 1; CTGF, Connective Tissue Growth Factor; FGF, Fibroblast Growth Factor.