Table 2.
Comprehensive list of leaderless proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
| Neurodegenerative disease | Protein aggregates (Uniprot ID) | Length of the protein | IDR protein structure | Species localization | Autophagy secretion-presence of LIR motif* | Unconventional secretion | TNT mode secretion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huntington’s disease | Huntingtin (P42858) | 3,142 | PolyQ | Intracellular (cytosolic and nuclear) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Sharma and Subramaniam (2019) |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | TDP-43(Q13148) | 414 | C-terminal domain | Cytoplasmic aggregates | Yes | Yes | Yes | Tardivel et al. (2016) |
| FUS (P35637) | 526 | N-terminal domain | Yes | Not reported | Not reported | - | ||
| SOD1 (P00441) | 154 | 22–30,55–95 region; 121–143 region | Yes | Yes | Yes | Abounit et al. (2016) | ||
| Ataxin-2(Q99700) | 1,313 | Poly Q-tract | Yes | Not reported | Yes | - | ||
| TBK-1 (Q9UHD2) | 729 | TBK-1 | Yes | Not reported | Involved in TNT secretion | - | ||
| Parkinson’s disease | Alpha-synuclein (P37840) | 140 | C-terminal domain | Intracellular LB formation, extracellular and membrane | No | Yes | Yes | Abounit et al. (2016) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | Beta-amyloid (P05067) | 770 | Beta-amyloid | Extracellular plaques | Yes | Yes | Yes | Dilna et al. (2021) |
| Tau (P10636) | 758 | N-terminal domain | Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Tardivel et al. (2016) |
*
https://ilir.warwick.ac.uk/lirpredict.php and data from Padmanabhan et al. (2018).