Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Characteristic | Participantsa | P valued | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 704) | Low coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity (n = 283)b | High coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity (n = 421)c | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63.8 (8.2) | 61.8 (7.4) | 65.1 (8.4) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 103 (15) | 61 (22) | 42 (10) | <.001 |
| Male | 601 (85) | 222 (78) | 379 (90) | |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)e | 28.3 (4.4) | 28.6 (4.7) | 28.1 (4.2) | .11 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 193 (27) | 90 (32) | 103 (24) | .06 |
| Former | 225 (32) | 91 (32) | 134 (32) | |
| Never | 286 (41) | 102 (36) | 184 (44) | |
| Hypertension | 351 (50) | 119 (42) | 232 (55) | <.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 398 (57) | 162 (58) | 236 (56) | .62 |
| Diabetes | 118 (17) | 40 (14) | 78 (19) | .15 |
| Prior cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 139 (20) | 41 (14) | 98 (23) | .01 |
| Myocardial infarction | 102 (14) | 36 (13) | 66 (16) | .33 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 100 (14) | 28 (10) | 72 (17) | .01 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 31 (4) | 12 (4) | 19 (5) | >.99 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 21 (3) | 12 (4) | 9 (2) | .17 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 33 (5) | 10 (4) | 23 (5) | .31 |
| Electrocardiography findingsf | ||||
| ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction | 463 (66) | 189 (67) | 274 (65) | .76 |
| Non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction | 239 (34) | 94 (33) | 145 (35) | |
| GRACE score, mean (SD) | 118 (25) | 113 (22) | 121 (26) | <.001 |
| Severity of obstructive coronary artery diseaseg | ||||
| 1 Vessel | 28 (4) | 12 (4) | 16 (4) | .64 |
| 2 Vessels | 387 (55) | 163 (58) | 224 (53) | |
| 3 Vessels | 239 (34) | 90 (32) | 149 (35) | |
| Left main stem disease | 50 (7) | 18 (6) | 32 (8) | |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 671 (95) | 267 (94) | 404 (96) | .42 |
| CT coronary angiography, CAD-RADS 2.0 scoreh | ||||
| 0 | 31 (4) | 21 (7) | 10 (2) | <.001 |
| 1 or 2 | ||||
| P1/2 | 108 (15) | 52 (18) | 56 (13) | |
| P3/4 | 59 (8) | 18 (6) | 41 (10) | |
| 3 | ||||
| P1/2 | 64 (9) | 31 (11) | 33 (8) | |
| P3/4 | 119 (17) | 46 (16) | 73 (17) | |
| 4 or 5 | ||||
| P1/2 | 51 (7) | 27 (10) | 24 (6) | |
| P3/4 | 272 (39) | 88 (31) | 184 (44) | |
| Medication | ||||
| Aspirin | 673 (96) | 268 (95) | 405 (96) | .45 |
| P2Y12 receptor antagonist | 688 (98) | 279 (99) | 409 (97) | .32 |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 42 (6) | 17 (6) | 25 (6) | >.99 |
| Statin | 653 (93) | 260 (92) | 393 (93) | .55 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 623 (88) | 250 (88) | 373 (89) | >.99 |
| β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist | 573 (82) | 233 (82) | 340 (81) | .67 |
| Calcium-channel antagonist | 64 (9) | 19 (7) | 45 (11) | .10 |
| Nitrate | 384 (55) | 158 (56) | 226 (54) | .63 |
| Other antianginal therapy | 22 (3) | 8 (3) | 14 (3) | .88 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 42 (6) | 21 (7) | 21 (5) | .24 |
| Other diuretic therapy | 54 (8) | 22 (8) | 32 (8) | >.99 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD-RADS 2.0, 2022 Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System28; CMA, coronary microcalcification activity; CT, computed tomography; GRACE, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events.1
Data are reported as number (percentage) of participants unless otherwise indicated.
Low coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity was defined as a CMA of 0.
High coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity was defined as a CMA greater than 0.
P value for comparison between low and high coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity (CMA = 0 vs CMA >0) using a 2-sample t test for continuous variables and a χ2 test for categorical variables. This was a post hoc analysis and should be taken as indicative values.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Two missing data points.
From index-invasive coronary angiography.
For participants with a residual CAD-RADS 2.0 score of 0, 6 had 2 or more stented vessels and 20 had limited CT coronary angiogram quality.