. 2023 Jun 15;14:1193206. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193206

Table 4.

Effect of the bio-synthesized MgONPs and MnO2NPs on the expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0).

Parameters classification	CHLG	CAO	CRD	CHLM	CHLD
(A) Effect of nanoparticles
Control	1.001^b	1.006^b	1.050^c	1.098^b	1.066^b
MgONPs	1.883^a	1.853^a	2.145^a	2.386^b	3.020^a
MnO₂NPs	1.936^a	2.009^a	2.326^a	2.587^a	2.347^a
^*SEM	0.125	0.01	0.14	0.177	0.756
Significance	0.001	0.001	0.012	0.012	0.007
(B) Effect of concentration of nanoparticles (μg/mL)
0.0	1.001^c	1.006^c	1.050^c	1.098^c	1.065^b
50.0	1.622^b	1.596^b	1.847^b	2.055^b	2.560^a
100.0	1.869^ab	1.992^ab	2.306^ab	2.564^ab	2.861^a
200.0	2.238^a	2.205^a	2.553^a	2.840^a	2.631^a
^*SEM	0.125	0.01	0.14	0.177	0.756
Significance	0.0008	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.050
*(AB) Effect of interaction between nanoparticles and concentrations**
Control	1.001^d	1.006^c	1.050^c	1.098^c	1.066^c
MgONPs 50 (μg/mL)	1.516^bc	1.492^b	1.727^b	1.921^b	2.140^bc
MgONPs 100 (μg/mL)	1.728^bc	1.700^b	1.969^b	2.190^b	2.980^ab
MgONPs 200 (μg/mL)	2.405^a	2.367^a	2.740^a	3.048^a	3.941^a
MnO₂NPs 50 (μg/mL)	1.333^cd	1.617^b	1.872^b	2.081^b	1.781^bc
MnO₂NPs 100 (μg/mL)	1.874^b	1.844^b	2.135^b	2.375^b	2.462^ab
MnO₂NPs 200 (μg/mL)	2.603^a	2.567^a	2.971^a	3.305^a	2.800^ab
^*SEM	0.165	0.140	0.163	0.184	0.508
Significance	0.019	0.007	0.007	0.008	0.031

Values with the same letters in each column are not significantly different at (P < 0.05). CHLG, Chlorophyll Synthase; CAO, Chlorophyll A Oxygenase; CRD, Copper Response Defect; CHLM, Magnesium-Protoporphyrin IX Methyltransferase; CHLD, Mg-chelatase subunit D; ^*SEM, Standard Error of the Mean; NS, Not significant.