Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and t-test results for pre- and post-test self-efficacy and self-regulation items by subscale
| Pre-test | Post-test | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | St. dev. | Mean | St. dev. | ||
| Please indicate your agreement with these statements on a scale of completely disagree (1) to completely agree (5) | |||||
| Writing attitudes subscale | 22.79 | 5.14 | 24.63 | 5.51 | 0.025 |
| I understand the standard features of writing in my field. | 3.90 | 0.55 | 4.05 | 0.69 | |
| I am confident in my skill as a writer. | 3.55 | 0.92 | 3.30 | 0.94 | |
| I enjoy the process of writing. | 2.85 | 0.93 | 3.00 | 0.92 | |
| I consider writing to be one of my strengths. | 3.05 | 0.97 | 3.32 | 1.00 | |
| I have a generally positive attitude toward writing. | 2.95 | 1.00 | 3.15 | 1.04 | |
| When I sit down to write, I feel anxious.* | 2.75 | 1.12 | 2.85 | 1.14 | |
| I feel unable to manage distractions and focus on my writing.* | 2.55 | 1.32 | 2.80 | 1.24 | |
| I procrastinate on my writing.* | 1.65 | 0.88 | 2.05 | 1.10 | |
| How often do you currently employ the following strategies in the writing process? | |||||
| Writing strategies subscale | 7.45 | 3.35 | 9.60 | 2.50 | 0.001 |
| Sharing your goals | 2.40 | 0.88 | 3.40 | 1.10 | |
| Scheduling specific times to write each week | 2.60 | 1.19 | 3.35 | 1.46 | |
| Employing specific strategies to help avoid distractions (headphones, website blocking software, focus apps, etc.) | 2.45 | 1.05 | 2.85 | 1.42 | |
| How often do you avoid writing or are you distracted from your writing by: | |||||
| Avoiding writing distractions subscale | 20.06 | 4.45 | 19.72 | 4.34 | 0.259 |
| Social media on my computer or phone (Twitter, TikTok, Instagram, etc.) | 2.90 | 1.17 | 2.55 | 1.43 | |
| Research-related tasks (reading in my field, meeting with collaborators) | 3.63 | 1.01 | 3.63 | 0.90 | |
| Teaching-related tasks (lessons planning, grading, mentoring students) | 2.55 | 1.28 | 2.60 | 1.35 | |
| General work (checking work email, doing paperwork) | 3.95 | 0.89 | 3.90 | 0.72 | |
| My phone (emailing, texting, talking, playing games) | 3.58 | 1.22 | 3.42 | 1.17 | |
| Other distractions away from my computer (chatting with a friend, getting a snack, doing chores) | 3.40 | 0.99 | 3.10 | 0.91 | |
*
Denotes items that were reverse-coded. Items for “How often do you currently employ the following strategies in the writing process?” were rated on a scale from 1 = Never to 5 = Frequently. Items for “How often do you avoid writing or are you distracted from your writing by:” were rated on a scale from 1 = Never to 5 = Frequently.