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| technique | LOD (ng L–1) | RSD (%) | references |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-atomizer trapping HGAAS | 210.0 | <6.0 | (16) |
| SI-SD-μSPE coupled with the AAS | 1590 | 2.4 | (32) |
| SPME-FAAS | 330 | 4.9 | (33) |
| T-SQT-AT-FAAS method | 600 | (25) | |
| Ta-coated SQT-AT-FAAS | 150 | 3.5 | (34) |
| SPE-ICPOES | 73 | 1.2 | (13) |
| HG-ICPMS | 8.0 | <6.3 | (12) |
| PVG-ICPMS | 3.6 | 4.4 | (36) |
| HGAFS | 2.8 | 4.4 | (14) |
| SPME-PD-OES | 3.0 | 4.5 | (37) |
| Pt-coated W-coil trap HGAAS | 3.3 | 2.3 | this study |
