Figure 3.

Diverse brain regions are implicated in context-dependent decision making. Dark red circles on the brain indicate the site recorded in the study highlighted in each panel. We depicted a monkey brain for illustrative purposes, but several results are from rodents. (a) Medial intraparietal (MIP) neurons encode the decision variable with different strengths when monkeys report their decisions through reaching or eye movements. Adapted with permission from Reference 85; copyright 2015 Society for Neuroscience. (b) Lateral intraparietal (LIP) neurons encode the decision variable for their preferred saccade targets along curved manifolds in population state space that are distinct for motion and face discrimination tasks. Adapted with permission from Reference 69; copyright 2021 Elsevier. (c) Monkey V1 neurons show distinct patterns of noise correlations depending on the category boundary in an orientation discrimination task. Adapted with permission from Reference 106; copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (d) When mice report if two sequentially presented odors (sample and test stimuli) match, premotor (PM) neurons encode sample odor during the delay period before any motor plan can be made. Adapted with permission from Reference 102; copyright 2020 Elsevier. (e) A1 neurons encode task rules before stimulus presentation when rats report either the location or the pitch of the same auditory stimulus. Adapted with permission from Reference 75; copyright 2014 Elsevier. (f) Superior colliculus (SC) neurons encode task rules before stimulus presentation when rats switch between pro (orienting toward a stimulus) and anti (orienting away) stimulus-action associations. Adapted with permission from Reference 97; copyright 2021 Springer Nature.