Table 4.
Study quality assessment using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies
| Study | Design | NOS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection 1 | Selection 2 | Selection 3 | Selection 4 | Comparability 1a | Comparability 1b | Outcome 1 | Outcome 2 | Outcome 3 | NOS total score (%) | ||
| Kennedy-Behr, et al. (2015) [26] | Cross-sectional | * | NA | NA | NA | * | * | * | * | - | 5/10 (50%) |
| Caçola & Killian (2018) [27] | Cross-sectional | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | * | * | - | 5/10 (50%) |
| Karras et al. (2018) [28] | Cross-sectional | * | NA | NA | ** | NA | NA | * | * | - | 5/10 (50%) |
| Ganapathy Sankar & Monisha (2020) [29] | Cross-sectional | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * | NA | - | 1/10 (10%) |
| Redondo-Tébar et al. (2021) [30] | Cross-sectional | * | NA | * | ** | * | * | * | * | - | 8/10 (80%) |
| Uusitalo et al. (2020) [30] | Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * | 7/9 (77%) |
NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
*one star. NA Not available