Table 2.
Incidence rates and unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different vascular diseases in dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and coeliac disease patients and their matched references during the total follow-up time.
| Patients |
References |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events | Incidence/10,000 PY | Events | Incidence/10,000 PY | HR | 95% CI | Adjusted HRa | 95% CI | |
| All cardiovascular diseases studied | ||||||||
| DH | 93 | 62.49 | 246 | 56.95 | 1.07 | 0.84–1.36 | 1.16 | 0.91–1.47 |
| Coeliac disease | 229 | 54.15 | 497 | 38.52 | 1.43 | 1.22–1.67 | 1.36 | 1.17–1.59 |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
| DH | 73 | 48.79 | 190 | 43.62 | 1.09 | 0.83–1.43 | 1.17 | 0.90–1.54 |
| Coeliac disease | 189 | 44.34 | 408 | 31.48 | 1.43 | 1.20–1.70 | 1.36 | 1.14–1.62 |
| Atherosclerotic valve disease | ||||||||
| DH | 10 | 6.41 | 12 | 2.66 | 2.34 | 1.01–5.43 | 2.54 | 1.10–5.92 |
| Coeliac disease | 21 | 4.73 | 22 | 1.65 | 2.90 | 1.60–5.28 | 2.86 | 1.57–5.19 |
| Heart failure | ||||||||
| DH | 41 | 26.42 | 119 | 26.70 | 0.97 | 0.68–1.38 | 1.06 | 0.74–1.51 |
| Coeliac disease | 91 | 20.70 | 211 | 15.95 | 1.30 | 1.02–1.68 | 1.24 | 0.97–1.58 |
| All cerebrovascular diseases studied | ||||||||
| DH | 33 | 21.39 | 140 | 31.63 | 0.66 | 0.45–0.96 | 0.68 | 0.47–0.99 |
| Coeliac disease | 115 | 26.39 | 255 | 19.39 | 1.38 | 1.11–1.72 | 1.33 | 1.07–1.66 |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | ||||||||
| DH | 13 | 8.36 | 42 | 9.36 | 0.87 | 0.47–1.62 | 0.89 | 0.48–1.66 |
| Coeliac disease | 55 | 12.48 | 96 | 7.24 | 1.74 | 1.25–2.42 | 1.71 | 1.23–2.39 |
| Ischemic or thromboembolic stroke | ||||||||
| DH | 25 | 16.10 | 113 | 25.40 | 0.61 | 0.40–0.95 | 0.65 | 0.42–0.99 |
| Coeliac disease | 75 | 17.06 | 181 | 13.68 | 1.26 | 0.96–1.65 | 1.20 | 0.92–1.57 |
| All vascular diseases of aorta and peripheral arteries studied | ||||||||
| DH | 15 | 9.62 | 51 | 11.35 | 0.83 | 0.46–1.47 | 0.88 | 0.49–1.56 |
| Coeliac disease | 43 | 9.73 | 11 | 8.36 | 1.17 | 0.82–1.66 | 1.09 | 0.77–1.55 |
| Atherosclerosis of aorta and peripheral arteries | ||||||||
| DH | 11 | 7.05 | 37 | 8.22 | 0.84 | 0.43–1.64 | 0.90 | 0.46–1.76 |
| Coeliac disease | 35 | 7.91 | 79 | 5.94 | 1.34 | 0.90–1.99 | 1.22 | 0.82–1.82 |
| Aneurysm/ Dissecation of aorta and peripheral arteries | ||||||||
| DH | 3 | 1.92 | 13 | 2.88 | 0.65 | 0.19–2.27 | 0.67 | 0.19–2.35 |
| Coeliac disease | 9 | 2.02 | 33 | 2.48 | 0.82 | 0.39–1.71 | 0.81 | 0.22–1.23 |
| Occlusion/embolism of aorta and peripheral arteries | ||||||||
| DH | 1 | 0.64 | 7 | 1.55 | 0.40 | 0.05–3.25 | 0.43 | 0.05–3.48 |
| Coeliac disease | 9 | 2.02 | 20 | 1.50 | 1.35 | 0.62–2.97 | 1.24 | 0.56–2.73 |
| All vein thromboses studied | ||||||||
| DH | 20 | 12.86 | 57 | 12.76 | 0.98 | 0.59–1.64 | 1.04 | 0.62–1.73 |
| Coeliac disease | 74 | 16.89 | 135 | 10.29 | 1.68 | 1.26–2.22 | 1.62 | 1.22–2.16 |
| Pulmonary embolism | ||||||||
| DH | 4 | 2.56 | 20 | 4.43 | 0.56 | 0.19–1.64 | 0.62 | 0.21–1.81 |
| Coeliac disease | 21 | 4.73 | 46 | 3.61 | 1.38 | 0.82–2.30 | 1.28 | 0.77–2.15 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | ||||||||
| DH | 14 | 8.99 | 33 | 7.36 | 1.20 | 0.64–2.24 | 1.24 | 0.66–2.33 |
| Coeliac disease | 49 | 11.15 | 91 | 6.87 | 1.64 | 1.16–2.32 | 1.61 | 1.14–2.28 |
| Other vein thrombosis | ||||||||
| DH | 3 | 1.92 | 11 | 2.44 | 0.76 | 0.21–2.73 | 0.80 | 0.22–2.86 |
| Coeliac disease | 17 | 3.83 | 15 | 1.12 | 3.43 | 1.72–6.88 | 3.38 | 1.69–6.76 |
aAdjusted for diabetes mellitus.
PY: Person years.