Table 3.
Pollutants | Classification | Configuration of biosensors |
Detection limit | Remarks | Refs. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensing element | Signaling element | |||||
Bisphenol A | EDC | Enzyme (tyrosinase) | Amperometry/MWCNT modified | 0.01 nM | Promising reliable | [146] |
Bisphenol A | EDC | Enzyme biosensor | Tyr – AuNPs/Graphite oxide | 1 nM | Excellent performanceLong-term stabilityPromising on-site analysis | [147] |
Bisphenol A | EDC | Labeled antibody | Fluorimetry | 0.014 μg L−1 | Satisfactory repeatabilityGood agreement | [148] |
Bisphenol A | EDC | Sol–gel films | Tyr/TiO2-MWCNTs-PDDA- Nafion/graphite | 66 nM | High sensitivity Good precision | [149] |
Estrogen Estradiol Phenol Nonylphenol Bisphenol A |
EDCs | Enzyme (tyrosinase) | Amperometry | 4.4 mg L−14.06 mg L−10.94 mg L−12.2 mg L−15.2 mg L−1 | FastGood sensitivity | [150] |
Estrone | EDC | Labeled antibody | Fluorimetry | 0.2 ng L−1 | Fast, sensitive, and cost-effective detectionA powerful tool in aquatic analytics | [151] |
Phenol | EDC | Whole-cell (Acinetobacter sp. DF4) | Light emission/bioluminescence | 2.5 mg L−1 | Response to phenol-contaminated soils | [152] |
Triclosan | EDC | Molecular imprinting polymers (MIP) | Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) | 0.017 μg L−1 | Excellent performanceFast, sensitive and simple nanosensor | [144] |
AtrazineBisphenol AEstroneIsoproturon | HerbicideEDCEDCHerbicide | Labeled antibodies | Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) | 0.002 μg L−10.005 μg L−10.019 μg L−10.016 μg L−1 | Low-costEarly warning application | [153] |
Propanil | Herbicide | Polyclonal IgG antibody | Fluorimetry | 0.6 ng L−1 | Fast, sensitive, and cost-effective detection | [154] |
Acetamiprid | Pesticide | Electrochemical DNA Aptasensor | Ferrocene (Fc)- based hollow polymeric nanospheres (Fc-HPNs) | 3.3 × 10−7 nM | Excellent sensitivity | [155] |
Carbaryl | Pesticide | Monoclonal antibody | Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) | 1.38 μg L−1 | Useful and portable for on-line monitoring | [156] |
Organophosphorus (OPs) | Pesticide | A portable LIG-based electrochemical biosensor | MnO2-bridged enzyme-aided signal amplification | 1.2 μg L−1 | Good performance for pesticideApplications in the environment and food safety fields | [157] |
Pyrethroid | Pesticide | Whole-cell and antibody | Calorimetry | 3 μg L−1 | Simple and portable for on-site colorimetric applicationFunctional at least 90 days after lyophilization | [169] |
NaphthalenePhenanthrene | PAHs | DNA/Sol–gel array | Fluorimetry | 0–10 mg L−1 | Effective PAHs detection in water, and biological samples | [158] |
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) | POP | Whole-cell (Sphingobium xenophagum) | Bioluminescence | 10 nM | Novel PBDE-specific sensing element | [91] |
PCB-28PCB-101 | PCB | Enzyme (peroxidase)/immobilized polyaniline modified Pt electrode | Amperometry | 0.016 μg L−10.019 μg L−1 | Useful in POPs detection in landfill leachates | [159] |
TPH | TPH | Antibody and enzyme | Immunoassay | 25 mg kg−1 | Quick on-site useDetect TPH in soil and water | [160] |
Remarks: TIRF: Total internal reflection fluorescence, SPR: Surface plasmon resonance, OPs: Organophosphorus, LIG: Laser-induced graphene, TIRF: Total internal reflection fluorescence, MIP: Molecular imprinting polymers, MWCNT: Multi-walled carbon nanotube, EDC: Endocrine disrupting chemical, PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls, POPs: Persistent organic pollutants, PAHs: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, TPH: Total petroleum hydrocarbons.