TABLE 1.

Normalized reduction in virus production in treated compared to control MHV-68-infected NIH 3T3 cells

Condition and treatmenta	Avg no. of cells		% viability	Avg virus concn (PFU/mL)	Pfu to live-cell no. ratiob	Normalized reduction in virus production (fold change)c
	Total	Live
Glucose starvation
Mock infection (replete medium)	2,359,000	2,353,000	100
Mock infection (no glucose)	815,600	668,300	82
MHV-68 (replete medium)	1,758,000	1,751,000	100	13,666	7.81 × 10−3
MHV-68 (no glucose)	611,500	519,600	85	1,141	2.20 × 10−3	4
Glutamine starvation
Mock infection (replete medium)	2,094,000	2,089,000	100
Mock infection (no glutamine)	867,500	858,400	99
MHV-68 (replete medium)	2,022,000	2,019,000	100	16,666	82.55 × 10−4
MHV-68 (no glutamine)	649,700	647,000	100	62	0.95 × 10−4	87
2DG treatment
Mock infection (vehicle)	2,652,333	2,642,667	100
Mock infection (5 mM 2DG)	844,333	837,667	99
MHV-68 (vehicle)	1,841,667	1,832,333	99	341,000	18.61 × 10−2
MHV-68 (5 mM 2DG)	747,333	741,067	99	10,171	1.37 × 10−2	14
TOFA treatment
Mock infection (vehicle)	2,385,333	2,374,667	100
Mock infection (10 μg/mL TOFA)	1,222,667	1,219,000	100
MHV-68 (vehicle)	1,907,000	1,901,667	100	9,667	50.83 × 10−4
MHV-68 (10 μg/mL TOFA)	1,146,000	1,136,333	99	57	0.50 × 10−4	102

^aNIH 3T3 cells were infected with MHV-68 (MOI = 0.1) or mock infected, and cells were treated or left untreated (replete medium or vehicle).

^bAverage number of PFU per milliliter divided by the average live-cell number.

^cCalculated by dividing the ratio of the number of PFU per milliliter to live infected cell number in treated cells by the same ratio for untreated cells. Normalized fold change depicts the reduction in virus production due to each treatment type.