Table 2.
Sample characteristics (overall, males and females).
| Total (N = 273) | Male (N = 99) | Female (n = 174) | t/χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 41.2 ± 11.6 | 40.9 ± 11.7 | 41.4 ± 11.6 | −0.37 | 0.7100 |
| Education, year | 12.6 ± 3.8 | 13.1 ± 4.0 | 12.3 ± 3.7 | 1.84 | 0.0665 |
| Current episode, week | 20.9 ± 15.2 | 21.3 ± 16.2 | 20.6 ± 14.7 | 0.0864 | 0.7688 |
| Symptom severity | |||||
| Depression (QIDS-SR total score) | 7.5 ± 4.6 | 7.6 ± 4.5 | 7.4 ± 4.7 | 0.28 | 0.7799 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 total score) | 4.2 ± 4.0 | 4.4 ± 4.0 | 4.0 ± 4.1 | 1.09 | 0.2975 |
| Somatic symptoms (PHQ-15 total score) | 6.2 ± 4.4 | 5.6 ± 4.2 | 6.5 ± 4.5 | 2.51 | 0.1132 |
| Age | 2.13 | 0.3455 | |||
| 18–30 | 60 (22.0%) | 24 (24.2%) | 36 (20.7%) | ||
| 30–45 | 115 (42.1%) | 45 (45.5%) | 70 (40.2%) | ||
| ≥45 | 98 (35.9%) | 30 (30.3%) | 68 (39.1%) | ||
| Marital status | – | 0.1626 | |||
| Married/partnered | 221 (81.3%) | 74 (75.5%) | 147 (84.5%) | ||
| Divorced/separated | 3 (1.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | ||
| Widowed | 4 (1.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 3 (1.7%) | ||
| Single | 44 (16.2%) | 22 (22.5%) | 22 (12.6%) | ||
| Living | – | 0.1791 | |||
| alone | 15 (5.5%) | 8 (8.2%) | 7 (4.0%) | ||
| with family (parent, spouse, sibling) | 241 (88.6%) | 83 (84.7%) | 158 (90.8%) | ||
| with friends | 10 (3.7%) | 3 (3.1%) | 7 (4.0%) | ||
| other | 6 (2.2%) | 4 (4.1%) | 2 (1.2%) | ||
| Monthly average revenue, USD | 24.71 | <0.0001 | |||
| ≤150 | 60 (22.0%) | 12 (12.1%) | 48 (27.6%) | ||
| 150–750 | 137 (50.2%) | 47 (47.5%) | 90 (51.7%) | ||
| 750–1,500 | 51 (18.7%) | 21 (21.2%) | 30 (17.2%) | ||
| ≥1,500 | 25 (9.2%) | 19 (19.2%) | 6 (3.5%) | ||
| Antidepressant treatment | |||||
| Antidepressant monotherapy | 198 (72.5%) | 69 (69.7%) | 129 (74.1%) | 0.62 | 0.4294 |
| Antidepressant polypharmacy (≥2 antidepressants) | 75 (27.5%) | 30 (30.3%) | 45 (25.9%) | 0.62 | 0.4294 |
| Antipsychotic treatment | |||||
| Antipsychotic monotherapy without antidepressant | |||||
| Antipsychotic-antidepressant co-treatment | |||||
| Antipsychotics co-treatment | 88 (32.2%) | 34 (34.3%) | 54 (31.0%) | 0.32 | 0.5739 |
n, number of patients; QIDS-SR16, the 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology-self-report; GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder 7-item; PHQ-15, the 15-item patient health questionnaire; The bold are p-values that are less than 0.05 (indicating statistically significant differences).