Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with intraoperative cardiac arrest.
| All patients | Adults (≥16 yrs) | Children (<16 yrs) | p | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 195 | N = 188 | N = 7 | |||
| Age (yrs) | 70.5 [60.0;79.4] | 71.3 [61.4;79.6] | 1.36 [0.14;8.99] | – | 195 |
| Sex (female) | 60/195 (30.8%) | 59/188 (31.4%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 0.44 | 195 |
| Height (cm) | 170 [163;178] | 171 [164;178] | 74.0 [58.0;156] | – | 169 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.5 [64.2;89.8] | 76.0 [65.0;90.0] | 9.00 [3.50;31.0] | – | 178 |
| BMI (kg.m−2) | 26.5 (5.59) | 26.8 (5.31) | 16.6 (5.95) | – | 168 |
| ASA physical status | 0.40 | 195 | |||
| I | 1 (0.51%) | 1 (0.53%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| II | 14 (7.18%) | 13 (6.91%) | 1 (14.3%) | ||
| III | 50 (25.6%) | 48 (25.5%) | 2 (28.6%) | ||
| IV | 83 (42.6%) | 79 (42.0%) | 4 (57.1%) | ||
| V | 47 (24.1%) | 47 (25.0%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Pre-existing illness (Yes) | 181/195 (94.3%) | 175/188 (94.6%) | 6/7 (85.7%) | 0.34 | 192 |
| Pre-existing illness category1 | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 149/195 (76.4%) | 145/188 (77.1%) | 4/7 (57.1%) | 0.36 | 195 |
| Pulmonary | 73/195 (37.4%) | 69/188 (36.7%) | 4/7 (57.1%) | 0.43 | 195 |
| Neurological | 46/195 (23.6%) | 46/188 (24.5%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.20 | 195 |
| Renal | 76/195 (39.0%) | 76/188 (40.4%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.044 | 195 |
| Cancer | 49/195 (25.1%) | 49/188 (26.1%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.20 | 195 |
| Pregnancy | 1/195 (0.5%) | 1/188 (0.5%) | 0/7 (0%) | >0.99 | 195 |
| Other2 | 33/195 (16.9%) | 33/188 (17.6%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.61 | 195 |
| Pre-existing condition1 | |||||
| No | 96/195 (49.2%) | 90/188 (47.9%) | 6/7 (85.7%) | 0.06 | 195 |
| Yes | |||||
| Sepsis | 17/195 (8.7%) | 16/188 (8.5%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 0.48 | 195 |
| Hypotension | 31/195 (15.9%) | 31/188 (16.5%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.60 | 195 |
| Metastatic/hematological malignancy | 18/195 (9.2%) | 18/188 (9.6%) | 0/7 (0%) | >0.99 | 195 |
| Hepatic/renal insufficiency | 72/195 (36.9%) | 72/188 (38.3%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0.048 | 195 |
| Urgency of the procedure | 0.69 | 195 | |||
| Emergency | 103/195 (53.8%) | 101/188 (53.7%) | 2/7 (28.6%) | ||
| Immediate | 63/195 (32.3%) | 62/188 (33.0%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | ||
| Within 1–6 h | 28/195 (14.4%) | 27/188 (14.4%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | ||
| Within 6–12 h | 5/195 (2.6%) | 5/188 (2.7%) | 0/7 (0%) | ||
| Within 24 h | 7/195 (3.6%) | 7/188 (3.7%) | 0/7 (0%) | ||
| Elective | 92/195 (47.2%) | 87/188 (46.3%) | 5/7 (71.4%) | ||
| Anaesthesia procedure | >0.99 | 195 | |||
| Regional | 3/195 (1.5%) | 3/188 (1.6%) | 0/7 (0%) | ||
| General and combined anaesthesia | 180/195 (92.3%) | 173/188 (92.0%) | 7/7 (100%) | ||
| Monitored anaesthesia care | 12/195 (6.2%) | 12/188 (6.4%) | 0/7 (0%) | ||
| Surgical intervention | 0.60 | 195 | |||
| Open | 165/195 (84.6%) | 158/188 (84.0%) | 7/7 (100%) | ||
| Endovascular | 30/195 (15.4%) | 30/188 (16.0%) | 0/7 (0.00%) | ||
| Type of surgery | 0.71 | 195 | |||
| Non-cardiac | 124/195 (63.6%) | 120/188 (63.8%) | 4/7 (57.1%) | ||
| Cardiac and vascular | 71/195 (36.4%) | 68/188 (36.2%) | 3/7 (42.9%) | ||
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; BMI, Body Mass Index.
1
A patient could have more than one pre-existing illness or condition.
2
Contained but not limited metabolic, psychiatric, liver, and hematological disorders.