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Summary spectral arc length (SPARC) results. Values are presented as mean ± SD. p-values represent results of independent samples t tests.
| Region | Control | Stroke | p-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | −2.19 ± 0.53 | −3.09 ± 0.50 | 0.0058 | 1.75 |
| Velopharynx | −2.51 ± 0.37 | −3.23 ± 0.91 | 0.0415 | 1.04 |
| Tongue base | −2.09 ± 0.23 | −3.16 ± 0.57 | <0.001 | 2.46 |
| Hypopharynx | −2.48 ± 0.19 | −3.03 ± 0.44 | 0.0124 | 1.62 |
| Upper esophageal sphincter | −2.94 ± 0.31 | −3.02 ± 0.61 | 0.671 | – |
