Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants according to severity of overall menopausal symptoms
| Characteristics | Total participants (n = 4,611) |
Overall MENQOL categories | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent | Present-T1 (<0.9) | Present-T2 (0.9- < 1.9) | Present-T3 (≥1.9) | |||
| Overall MENQOL scorea | 1.50 ± 1.08 | 142 (3.1) | 1,494 (32.4) | 1,486 (32.2) | 1,489 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Mean vasomotor domain | 0.47 ± 0.93 | 0 | 0.09 ± 0.32 | 0.32 ± 0.60 | 1.07 ± 1.29 | <0.001 |
| Mean psychosocial domain | 1.32 ± 1.27 | 0 | 0.31 ± 0.38 | 1.08 ± 0.65 | 2.68 ± 1.14 | <0.001 |
| Mean physical domain | 1.81 ± 1.20 | 0 | 0.70 ± 0.37 | 1.70 ± 0.43 | 3.20 ± 0.79 | <0.001 |
| Mean sexual domain | 1.32 ± 1.50 | 0 | 0.34 ± 0.66 | 1.10 ± 1.09 | 2.65 ± 1.55 | <0.001 |
| Ideal CVH metrics | 4.45 ± 1.09 | 4.67 ± 1.02 | 4.56 ± 1.06 | 4.43 ± 1.07 | 4.34 ± 1.14 | <0.001 |
| Poor (0-2) | 222 (4.8) | 4 (2.8) | 57 (3.8) | 66 (4.4) | 95 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate (3-4) | 1,955 (42.4) | 48 (33.8) | 594 (39.8) | 657 (44.2) | 656 (44.1) | |
| Ideal (5-6) | 2,434 (52.8) | 90 (63.4) | 843 (56.4) | 763 (51.4) | 738 (49.6) | |
| Age, years | 44.86 ± 2.46 | 44.63 ± 2.51 | 44.85 ± 2.48 | 44.83 ± 2.42 | 44.93 ± 2.46 | 0.424 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.43 ± 2.98 | 21.96 ± 2.82 | 22.10 ± 2.81 | 22.48 ± 2.96 | 22.76 ± 3.13 | <0.001 |
| Parity, % | 4,095 (88.8) | 128 (90.1) | 1,328 (88.9) | 1,314 (88.4) | 1,325 (89.0) | 0.935 |
| Anti-Mullerian hormone, ng/mL | 0.63 [0.23, 1.30] | 0.71 [0.25, 1.35] | 0.60 [0.23, 1.29] | 0.67 [0.24, 1.36] | 0.62 [0.22, 1.29] | 0.996 |
| High educationb, % | 3,657 (79.3) | 104 (73.2) | 1,170 (78.3) | 1,185 (79.7) | 1,198 (80.5) | 0.040 |
| Amounts of alcohol intake, g/day | 5.00 ± 9.02 | 4.71 ± 7.38 | 4.58 ± 7.76 | 4.81 ± 8.72 | 5.48 ± 9.94 | 0.045 |
| High alcohol intakesc, % | 558 (12.1) | 17 (12.0) | 174 (11.7) | 161 (10.8) | 206 (13.8) | 0.313 |
| Current smokersd, % | 91 (2.0) | 1 (0.7) | 27 (1.8) | 18 (1.2) | 45 (3.0) | 0.003 |
| High physical activitye, % | 2,210 (47.9) | 79 (55.6) | 779 (52.1) | 715 (48.1) | 637 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 91 (2.0) | 4 (2.9) | 21 (1.4) | 27 (1.8) | 39 (2.6) | 0.093 |
| Hypertension, % | 230 (5.0) | 5 (3.6) | 65 (4.4) | 68 (4.6) | 92 (6.2) | 0.078 |
| SBP, mmHg | 103.80 ± 11.66 | 103.91 ± 10.90 | 103.53 ± 11.45 | 103.71 ± 11.45 | 104.15 ± 12.14 | 0.524 |
| DBP, mmHg | 66.80 ± 9.18 | 67.73 ± 8.59 | 66.54 ± 9.02 | 66.67 ± 9.10 | 67.10 ± 9.46 | 0.215 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 93.14 ± 12.48 | 94.13 ± 12.99 | 92.46 ± 10.83 | 93.27 ± 13.84 | 93.59 ± 12.52 | 0.058 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 192.52 ± 30.41 | 184.67 ± 30.85 | 191.66 ± 30.15 | 193.56 ± 30.24 | 193.10 ± 30.68 | 0.005 |
| LDL-C mg/dl | 118.98 ± 28.78 | 109.97 ± 27.65 | 117.76 ± 28.22 | 120.18 ± 28.59 | 119.87 ± 29.45 | 0.000 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 66.71 ± 15.84 | 68.64 ± 15.54 | 67.53 ± 16.15 | 66.70 ± 15.81 | 65.71 ± 15.54 | 0.007 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 75 [58, 101] | 76 [59, 98] | 71 [56, 95] | 75 [58, 101] | 78 [59, 106] | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.03 [0.02, 0.06] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.06] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.05] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.07] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.06] | 0.564 |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations, medians[interquartile range], or numbers(percentages).
BMI, body mass index; CVH, cardiovascular health; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MENQOL, menopause-specific quality of life; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T, tertiles.
aAmong MENQOL questionnaire, higher values indicate worse symptoms, which were ranged from 0 (absent) to 7 (being the most bothersome) points.
bhigh education was defined as equal to or greater than a university degree.
chigh alcohol intakes was defined as ≥10 g/day.
dSmoking status was classified as never, former, or current smoker.
eHigh physical activity inlcuded moderate and high intensity defind by the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form.