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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2022 Jun 1;114(14):785–796. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2048

TABLE 3.

Medication use during pregnancy in the Slone Birth Defects Study, 1976–2015; by diagnosis type

n (%) Spina bifida (n = 44) Cerebral palsy and muscular
dystrophy (n = 30)
Arthrogryposis and
contractures (n = 47)
Any pain medication use
 Yes 35 (79.55) 21 (70.00) 39 (82.98)
Any psychotropic medication use
 Yes 7 (15.91) 6 (20.00) 4 (8.51)
Any antibacterial medications use
 Yes 18 (40.91) 10 (33.33) 22 (46.81)