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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2022 Jun 1;114(14):785–796. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2048

TABLE 4.

Duration of pain and psychotropic medication use during pregnancy in the Slone Birth Defects Study, 1976–2015; by congenital physical disability status

n (%) Congenital
physical
disability
No congenital
physical
disability
Any pain medications
 1–2 days 7 (6.73) 35 (9.21)
 3–30 days 5 (4.81) 66 (17.37)
 Long-term infrequent use 41 (39.42) 140 (36.84)
 Long-term frequent use 51 (49.04) 139 (36.58)
Any psychotropic medications
 1–2 days 3 (15.79) 4 (11.76)
 3–30 days -- 2 (5.88)
 Long-term infrequent use -- 3 (8.82)
 Long-term frequent use 16 (84.21) 25 (73.53)

Note: Duration is reported as the cumulative max number of days medication is used during pregnancy, not consecutive days of use.