Table 3. Pregnancy outcome of women with systemic lupus erythematosus grouped by hydroxychloroquine usage ( n = 82) .
| HCQ n = 47 |
Non HCQ n = 35 |
OR (95% CI) p value |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenatal complication | |||
| Hypertension in pregnancy | 3 (6.4) | 15 (42.9) | 0.09 (0.02–0.35) |
| 0.01 c | |||
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 0 | 5 (14.3) | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) |
| 0.01 c | |||
| Mean duration of pregnancy ± SD (week) | 36.74 ± 2.01 | 34.79 ± 4.21 | 0.001 a |
| Fetal loss ≥ 24 weeks, n (%) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (7.1) | 0.72 (0.09–5.47) |
| 0.75 c | |||
| Gestational age at birth, n (%) | 0.25 b | ||
| Term livebirth (≥ 37 weeks) | 26 (55.3) | 14 (40.0) | |
| Preterm livebirth (< 37 weeks) | 11 (23.4) | 14 (40.0) | |
| Miscarriage (< 24 weeks) | 10 (21.3) | 7 (20.0) | |
| Mean birthweight (kg) ± SD (range) | 2.52 ± 0.56 | 2.13 ± 0.79 | 0.02 a |
| Intrauterine growth restriction, n (%) | 6 (16.7) | 10 (35.7) | 0.36 (0.11–1.16) |
| 0.08 c | |||
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||
| Vaginal | 18 (47.9) | 13 (43.3) | 0.91 b |
| Assisted vaginal | 3 (7.9) | 2 (6.7) | |
| Caesarean section | 17 (44.7) | 15 (50.0) | |
| Apgar score | |||
| ≥ 7 in 5 minutes | 34 (94.4) | 22 (78.6) | 0.22 (0.04–1.17) |
| < 7 in 5 minutes | 2 (5.6) | 6 (21.4) | 0.06 c |
| NICU admission | 4 (11.1) | 5 (19.2) | 0.53 (0.13–2.18) |
| 0.37 c | |||
| Indication for LSCS | 0.53 b | ||
| Preeclampsia | 2 (11.8) | 5 (33.3) | |
| Fetal Distress | 7 (5.9) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Worsening Lupus | 1 (5.9) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Failed IOL/ Poor Progress | 2 (11.8) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Maternal Request/ Refuse TOS | 4 (23.5) | 1 (6.7) | |
| Breech | 1 (5.9) | 1 (6.7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IOL, induction of labor; LSCS; lower segment caesarean section; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TOS, trial of scar.
a
Student's t -test.
b
Contingency coefficient, df = 2.
c
Chi-squared test, difference expressed in odds ratio (95% CI).